Caspersenpost3397

Objectives-This report presents complete period life tables for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia by sex based on age-specific death rates in 2018. Methods-Data used to prepare the 2018 state-specific life tables include 2018 final mortality statistics; July 1, 2018 population estimates based on the 2010 decennial census; and 2018 Medicare data for persons aged 66-99. The methodology used to estimate the state-specific life tables is the same as that used to estimate the 2018 national life tables, with some modifications. Results-Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, Hawaii had the highest life expectancy at birth, 81.0 years in 2018, and West Virginia had the lowest, 74.4 years. Life expectancy at age 65 ranged from 17.5 years in Kentucky to 21.1 years in Hawaii. Life expectancy at birth was higher for females in all states and the District of Columbia. The difference in life expectancy between females and males ranged from 3.8 years in Utah to 6.2 years in New Mexico.Deaths from drug overdose continue to contribute to the public health burden in the United States (1). The increase in the rate of drug overdose deaths involving cocaine and psychostimulants has been well-documented in recent years (1-4). This NCHS Data Brief provides additional information on drug overdose deaths involving cocaine and other psychostimulants (drugs such as methamphetamine, amphetamine, and methylphenidate) by examining the concurrent involvement of opioids. Trends from 2009 through 2019 and differences by census region in 2019 are presented.In the United States, there were an estimated 810,000 hospitalizations attributable to influenza during 2017-2018 (1). Pneumonia is the most common respiratory complication of influenza (2). In 2019, the ninth leading cause of death was influenza and pneumonia and the death rate was 15.2 per 100,000 persons, ranging from 4.1 for infants aged under 1 year to 294.7 for adults aged 85 and over (3,4). This report describes emergency department (ED) visit rates for patients with influenza and pneumonia (either influenza or pneumonia, or both) by selected patient characteristics.Objectives-This report presents 2019 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted. Methods-Descriptive tabulations of data reported on the birth certificates of the 3.75 million births that occurred in 2019 are presented. Data are presented for maternal age, livebirth order, race and Hispanic origin, marital status, tobacco use, prenatal care, source of payment for the delivery, method of delivery, gestational age, birthweight, and plurality. Selected data by mother's state of residence and birth rates by age are also shown. Trend data for 2010 through 2019 are presented for selected items. Trend data by race and Hispanic origin are shown for 2016-2019. Results-A total of 3,747,540 births were registered in the United States in 2019, down 1% from 2018. The general fertility rate declined from 2018 to 58.3 births per 1,000 women aged 15-44 in 2019. compound 68 The birth rate for females aged 15-19 fell 4% between 2018 and 2019. Birth rates declined for women aged 20-34 and increased for women aged 35-44 for 2018-2019. The total fertility rate declined to 1,706.0 births per 1,000 women in 2019. Birth rates declined for both married and unmarried women from 2018 to 2019. The percentage of women who began prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy rose to 77.6% in 2019; the percentage of all women who smoked during pregnancy declined to 6.0%. The cesarean delivery rate decreased to 31.7% in 2019 (Figure 1). Medicaid was the source of payment for 42.1% of all births in 2019. The preterm birth rate rose for the fifth straight year to 10.23% in 2019; the rate of low birthweight was essentially unchanged from 2018 at 8.31%. Twin and triplet and higher-order multiple birth rates both declined in 2019 compared with 2018.A clinical challenge to nearly every primate facility in North America is chronic idiopathic diarrhea (CID), the pathogenesis of which has yet to be fully elucidated. However, wild macaques appear resistant to CID, a trend that we observed in the free-ranging population of the Caribbean Primate Research Center. The gastrointestinal microbiota has been shown to have a significant role in the pathogenesis of disease and in maintaining normal health and development of the gut. In humans, chronic diarrhea is associated with alteration of the gut microbiota, which has lower bacterial diversity than does the microbiota of healthy humans. The current study was designed to describe and compare the fecal bacterial microbiota of healthy corralled, CID corralled, and healthy, free-ranging macaques. Fresh fecal samples were collected from healthy corralled (HC; n = 30) and CID (n = 27) rhesus macaques and from healthy macaques from our free-ranging colony (HF; n = 43). We excluded macaques that had received antibiotics during the preceding 60 d (90 d for healthy animals). Bacterial DNA was extracted, and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and compared with known databases. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was higher in CID animals than HC animals, but otherwise few differences were found between these 2 groups. HF macaques were differentially enriched with Christensenellaceae and Helicobacter, which are highly associated with a 'healthy' gut in humans, as compared to corralled animals, whereas CID animals were enriched with Proteobacteria, which are associated with dysbiosis in other species. These results indicate that environment has a greater influence than health status on the gut microbiota. Furthermore, the current data provided targets for future studies on potential clinical interventions, such as probiotics and fecal transplants.Successful implementation of automated blood sampling (ABS) into a telemetry instrumented canine cardiovascular model provides simultaneous cardiovascular assessment of novel compounds while collecting multiple blood samples for analysis of drug level, cytokines, and biomarkers. Purpose-bred male Beagle dogs (n = 36) were instrumented with a dual-pressure telemetry transmitter and vascular access port. Modifications to acclimation practices, surgical procedures, and housing were required for implementation of ABS in our established cardiovascular canine telemetry colony. These modifications have increased the use and reproducibility of the model by combining early pharmacokinetic and cardiovascular studies, thus achieving both refinement and reduction from a 3R perspective. In addition, the modified model can shorten timelines and reduce the compound requirement in early stages of drug development. This telemetry-ABS model provides an efficient means to quickly identify potential effects on key cardiovascular parameters in a large animal species and to obtain a more complete pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile for discovery compounds.