Caspersenhale9769

There was a significant correlation between IPSyn scores and picture description scores when using the GAE scoring system and the strategic scoring systems, but not when using the expansive AAE scoring system.

Different scoring systems affect AAE-speaking preschoolers' scores on measures of grammatical accuracy, and the use of an expansive AAE scoring system, based on lists of nonmainstream features, may diminish the ability to differentiate between children with different ability levels. Future research is needed to refine scoring systems and to explore the validity of different scoring systems for detecting differences between preschoolers who speak AAE, with and without developmental language disorder.

https//doi.org/10.23641/asha.21498618.

https//doi.org/10.23641/asha.21498618.We study the properties of edge states for a selected (10,1)[(4,3)] twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) nanoribbon with minimal edges but a majority of zigzag edges. By using the tight-binding and Green's function methods, we find a remarkable rule of a local electronic transfer for the edge states. As the energy away from the Fermi level, the transfer is in the order of convex AB-, concave AB-, concave AA- and convex AA-stacked regions of the ribbon curve edges. We illustrate that this rule comes from the difference in interlayer couplings among the four types of local geometries at edges. Further, an in-plane transverse electric field can rearrange the edge bands and enlarge the energy regimes, leading to the lowest energy states modified from AB-stacked edge states to AA-stacked ones. The realignment of the edge bands results from the interplay between the interlayer coupling and the potential difference induced by the transverse electric field, which results in different bonding and antibonding edge states, i.e. the edge bands. In contrast, the total energy regime of the edge bands remain nearly unchanged under a relative strong off-plane perpendicular electric field, and the typical AA-stacked edge states are still maintained even the rotational symmetry of two layers is broken. Until a sufficiently strong value, the TBG nanoribbon tends to behave as two noninteracting monolayer ribbons except for a band distortion in low-energy regime. The conductance spectra reflects the edge bands well. We also discussed the influence of edge defects in the TBG nanoribbon on transport properties. It is found that the contributed conductance of each type of edge states shows different degrees of suppression for a monatomic vacancy in the corresponding region of edges.When swimming near a solid planar boundary, bio-inspired propulsors can naturally equilibrate to certain distances from that boundary. How these equilibria are affected by asymmetric swimming kinematics is unknown. We present here a study of near-boundary pitching hydrofoils based on water channel experiments and potential flow simulations. We found that asymmetric pitch kinematics do affect near-boundary equilibria, resulting in the equilibria shifting either closer to or away from the planar boundary. The magnitude of the shift depends on whether the pitch kinematics have spatial asymmetry (e.g. a bias angle,θ0) or temporal asymmetry (e.g. a stroke-speed ratio,τ). Swimming at stable equilibrium requires less active control, while shifting the equilibrium closer to the boundary can result in higher thrust with no measurable change in propulsive efficiency. Our work reveals how asymmetric kinematics could be used to fine-tune a hydrofoil's interaction with a nearby boundary, and it offers a starting point for understanding how fish and birds use asymmetries to swim near substrates, water surfaces, and sidewalls.Mobility edge (ME), a critical energy separating localized and extended states in spectrum, is a central concept in understanding localization physics. However, there are few models with exact MEs, and their presences are fragile against perturbations. In the paper, we generalize the Aubry-André-Harper model proposed in (Ganeshanet al2015Phys. Rev. Lett.114146601) and recently realized in (Anet al2021Phys. Rev. Lett.126040603), by introducing a relative phase in the quasiperiodic potential. Applying Avila's global theory, we analytically compute localization lengths of all single-particle states and determine the exact expression of ME, which both significantly depend on the relative phase. They are verified by numerical simulations, and physical perception of the exact expression is also provided. We show that old exact MEs, guaranteed by the delicate self-duality which is broken by the relative phase, are special ones in a series controlled by the phase. Furthermore, we demonstrate that out of expectation, exact MEs are invariant against a shift in the quasiperiodic potential, although the shift changes the spectrum and localization properties. Finally, we show that the exact ME is related to the one in the dual model which has long-range hoppings.High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) enables gas-phase separations on a chromatographic time scale and has become a useful tool for proteomic applications. Despite its emerging utility, however, the molecular determinants underlying peptide separation by FAIMS have not been systematically investigated. Here, we characterize peptide transmission in a FAIMS device across a broad range of compensation voltages (CVs) and used machine learning to identify charge state and three-dimensional (3D) electrostatic peptide potential as major contributors to peptide intensity at a given CV. We also demonstrate that the machine learning model can be used to predict optimized CV values for peptides, which significantly improves parallel reaction monitoring workflows. Together, these data provide insight into peptide separation by FAIMS and highlight its utility in targeted proteomic applications.Fish has primarily served as a model for many bio-inspired underwater robots. However, most of the work on fish-inspired robots is focused on propulsion and turning in the horizontal plane. In this paper, we present our work on the 3D motion of bio-inspired underwater robots. A pair of actuated soft fins, mimicking the soft dorsal and anal fins of a live fish, have been designed and tested to generate lateral thrusts that aim to produce both roll and yaw motions. Furthermore, they can be used to provide vertical stabilization of the forward motion in the robot. These fins comprise shape memory alloy wires embedded in silicone. We demonstrate that these fins can provide a means for 3D maneuvering. In this work, we focus on roll and yaw motions. A key feature of the proposed design is that it is lightweight, compact, and waterproof.In order to fabricate functional organoids and microtissues, a high cell density is generally required. As such, the placement of cell suspensions in molds or microwells to allow for cell concentration by sedimentation is the current standard for the production of organoids and microtissues. Even though molds offer some level of control over the shape of the resulting microtissue, this control is limited as microtissues tend to compact towards a sphere after sedimentation of the cells. 3D bioprinting on the other hand offers complete control over the shape of the resulting structure. Even though the printing of dense cell suspensions in the ink has been reported, extruding dense cellular suspensions is challenging and generally results in high shear stresses on the cells and a poor shape fidelity of the print. As such, additional materials such as hydrogels are added in the bioink to limit shear stresses, and to improve shape fidelity and resolution. The maximum cell concentration that can be incorporated in a hydrogel-based ink before the ink's rheological properties are compromised, is significantly lower than the concentration in a tissue equivalent. Additionally, the hydrogel components often interfere with cellular self-assembly processes. To circumvent these limitations, we report a simple and inexpensive xanthan bath based embedded printing method to 3D print dense functional linear tissues using dilute particle suspensions consisting of cells, spheroids, hydrogel beads, or combinations thereof. Using this method, we demonstrated the self-organization of functional cardiac tissue fibers with a layer of epicardial cells surrounding a body of cardiomyocytes.Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5)-induced pulmonary inflammation is an important issue worldwide. NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been found to be involved in pulmonary inflammation development. However, whether PM2.5 induces pulmonary inflammation by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome has not yet been fully elucidated. This study researched whether PM2.5 induces the NLRP3 inflammasomes activation to trigger pulmonary inflammation.Mice and MH-S cells were exposed to PM2.5, BOX5, and Rapamycin. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed on the lung tissues of mice. M1 macrophage marker CD80 expression in the lung tissues of mice and LC3B expression in MH-S cells was detected by immunofluorescence. IL-1β level in the lavage fluid and MH-S cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein expression was detected by Western blot. Autophagy assay in MH-S cells was performed by LC3B-GFP punctae experiment.PM2.5 exposure induced the lung injury of mice and increased NLRP3, P62, Wnt5a, LC3BII/I, and CD80 expression and IL-1β release in the lung tissues. PM2.5 treatment increased NLRP3, pro-caspase-1, cleaved caspase-1, Pro-IL-1β, Pro-IL-18, P62, LC3BII/I, and Wnt5a expression, IL-1β release, and LC3B-GFP punctae in MH-S cells. However, BOX5 treatment counteracted this effect of PM2.5 on lung tissues of mice and MH-S cells. Rapamycin reversed the effect of BOX5 on PM2.5-induced lung tissues of mice and MH-S cells.PM2.5 activated the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β release in MH-S cells by facilitating the autophagy via activating Wnt5a. The findings of this study provided a new clue for the treatment of pulmonary inflammation caused by PM2.5.Objective. Cortical activity can be recorded using a variety of tools, ranging in scale from the single neuron (microscopic) to the whole brain (macroscopic). There is usually a trade-off between scale and resolution; optical imaging techniques, with their high spatio-temporal resolution and wide field of view, are best suited to study brain activity at the mesoscale. Optical imaging of cortical areas is however in practice limited by the curvature of the brain, which causes the image quality to deteriorate significantly away from the center of the image.Approach. CB-839 To address this issue and harness the full potential of optical cortical imaging techniques, we developed a new wide-field optical imaging system adapted to the macaque brain. Our system is composed of a curved detector, an aspherical lens and a ring composed of light emitting diodes providing uniform illumination at wavelengths relevant for the different optical imaging methods, including intrinsic and fluorescence imaging.Main results. The system was characterized and compared with the standard macroscope used for cortical imaging, and a three-fold increase of the area in focus was measured as well as a four-fold increase in the evenness of the optical qualityin vivo.Significance. This new instrument, which is to the best of our knowledge the first use of a curved detector for cortical imaging, should facilitate the observation of wide mesoscale phenomena such as dynamic propagating waves within and between cortical maps, which are otherwise difficult to observe due to technical limitations of the currently available recording tools.