Carterdreier6135

Corn arabinoxylan (CAX), a cell wall-derived dietary fiber, was extracted with alkali, partially purified, and treated with hydrolytic enzymes in order to investigate the relationship of fine structure and fermentability by the human gut microbiota. Glycosyl composition and linkage analysis of CAX and two hydrolysates, coupled with molecular size analysis, indicated an organized structural feature of the native polymer, which consists of a repeating structural subunit containing complex branching patterns along the xylan backbone and flanked by regions of less complexity. The two lengths of the highly branched subunit were isolated and were shown to have enhanced slow fermentation property compared to the native structure (3.3 vs. 5.9 mL gas, 4 h), that was related to increasing complexity of the branched structures. Lower molecular size structures with higher branch complexity fermented slower, contrary to a conventional view that small fiber structures approaching the oligosaccharide level are necessarily more rapidly fermented.Drying-induced hornification is an inevitable phenomenon of cellulosic fibers, which is used to describe internal aggregation structure changes of cellulosic fibers upon drying or water removal. To investigate the hornification process, never-dried cellulosic fibers with different components were thermally dried to different moisture contents. The results indicated that the hornification process could be divided into four stages, including the first crystallization period (>70% moisture), the cocrystallization period (70-31% moisture), the hemicellulose control period (31-11% moisture), and the second crystallization period (11-0% moisture). The decrease of water retention value (WRV) occurred in the cocrystallization period and the second crystallization period, which meant hornification happened in these two periods. Besides, hemicellulose and lignin inhibited hornification by reducing cellulose cocrystallization. The work elucidates the hornification process and mechanism of cellulosic fibers,which will be helpful to control the properties of cellulosic materials for extended utilization.Oxidative stress is closely associated with the initiation and progression of aging. Considerable interest centers in the potential application of natural polysaccharides in oxidative stress alleviation and senescence delay. Herein, LFP-05S, an acidic heteropolysaccharide from Lycii fructus, was purified and structurally characterized based on a combination strategy of molecular weight (MW) distribution, monosaccharide composition, methylation and NMR spectroscopy analysis. The dominant population of LFP-05S was composed of long homogalacturonan (HG) backbone interspersed with alternating sequences of intra-rhamnogalacturonans-I (RG-I) domains and branched arabinogalactan and arabinan. Orally supplied LFP-05S exhibited defensive modulation in paraquat (PQ)-damaged oxidative stress Caenorhabditis elegans by strengthening the internal defense systems. Under normal conditions, LFP-05S extended the lifespan without significant impairment of propagation. Overall, these results suggested LFP-05S and L. fructus are worth further exploration as promising redox-based candidates for the prevention and management of aging and related disorders.When compared with traditional petroleum-based materials, bio-based materials show greater application potential in the field of biomedicine owing to the good biocompatibility, in specifical, the application of natural macromolecular polymers in chemotherapeutics has become a hot topic in anticancer treatment. In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were selected as carriers, and Au nanoparticles (NPs) were directly conjugated on their surface, with the highly reactive Cu2+ ions serving as an ion-ligand bridge, to construct a multifunctional nanocatalyst. These findings suggest that the nanosystem delivers a large amount of highly reactive Cu2+ ions (3.75 wt%) and DOX (7.71 wt%) by the surface loading of cellulose nanocrystals, which greatly improves ROS yield and promotes the application of the Fenton reaction system in cancer therapy.Welan gum is widely used in food, concrete, and oil recovery for its excellent stability and unique rheological properties. This study describes an engineered Sphingomonas sp. RW strain deficient in the lyase gene (welR) and outlines its application in an industrial by-product fermentation strategy to produce welan gum. The yield of the engineered strain was enhanced to 25.11 ± 0.05 g/L, whereas the broth viscosity (2110 mPas) increased by 281.81%. The welan gum produced by Sphingomonas sp. RW was named medium-molecular weight welan gum (MMWG, ~350 kDa). FT-IR and monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that the MMWG was composed of l-mannose, l-rhamnose, glucuronic acid, and glucose (with mole ratios of 14.461.262.82). Significantly, MMWG had favorable hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and emulsifying capacity. These results provide a strategy for cost-effective welan gum production and enrich the properties of welan gum with different molecular weight.In this study, high-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (HHPC) and low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (LHPC) were orally administered (150 or 300 mg/kg) to investigate the inflammation inhibitory effects on DSS-induced colitis mice. In addition, the anti-inflammatory potential of HHPC in-vitro (RAW 264.7 cells) was evaluated. The result showed that HHPC could inhibit the excessive secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and NO in RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. Oral administration of HHPC and LHPC could dose-dependently mitigate the pathological damage of colon tissue, suppressed spleen edema, preserved thymus index, reduced the serum level of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MPO), increased the secretion of sIgA in the colon, and restored the balance of the intestinal flora such as Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, and Blautia. Overall, this study elucidated the therapeutic potential of LHPC and HHPC as a prebiotic to treat acute ulcerative colitis.Mechanically tough self-healing hydrogels have attracted tremendous attraction in recent years owing to their flexibility and excellent deformation-resistance. Herein, we synthesized a bio-based self-healing hydrogel by incorporating starch onto a hydrophobically associated (HA) domain. The inclusion of physically cross-linked starch onto the HA-poly(acrylamide) (PAM) chain enhanced the mechanical strength of the hydrogel and this enhancement depends on dose level of starch. The ductile and tough HA-PAM network could bear stress and recombine the damage zones within a short time, and hence exhibit noteworthy self-healing ability. Moreover, the introduction of the reversible and physically cross-linked starch network was unable to eliminate self-healing attribute of the HA-PAM network completely. Most importantly, synthesized hydrogel was dimensionally stable after swelling and exhibited noteworthy mechanical strength under such conditions. Thus, this work provides a novel starch incorporated mechanically tough, self-healing hydrogel that can hopefully enrich the current hydrogel research and expand its practical application spectrum.The designing of highly efficient and biocompatible nanocomposites with multifunctional delivery and tracking characteristics is noteworthy for clinical and therapeutic applications. Herein, we report the proof-of-concept for the delivery of anti-glaucoma drug, latanoprost (LP) under an enzymatic stimulus, lysozyme (Lyz) with novel chitosan (CS) - graphene quantum dots (GQD) nanocomposite via reverse switching photoluminescence (PL) phenomenon. The LP caged CS-GQDs nanocomposite was well characterized through extensive spectral, morphological, band-gap, particle size, and zeta potential studies along with cytotoxicity assays. The regaining of PL not only confirmed LP delivery, but also facilitated intercellular tracking through in vitro bio-imaging against human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. The AO/EB staining and biocompatibility assays further proved excellent cell viability of >80%. The successfully delivered LP protected HCE cells from oxidative injury induced by 800 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These findings justify further utility of novel CS-GQDs caged drug nanocomposite for preclinical investigations.Mineral fillers hinder cellulosic fiber bonding and thus limit the increase of filler content in paper. Herein, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC)/cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) composites were fabricated by a facile and efficient strategy, i.e., co-refining process (CRP). During this process, CNF and PCC were activated by mechanochemical effect and formed encapsulation structure by calcium ion coordination and hydrogen bonding. The encapsulation structure and H-bond/ionic coordination interactions not only endowed the composite with excellent size stability but also enhanced interfacial interaction between composite fillers and cellulosic fibers. Compare with the paper filled with only PCC, PCC + CNF mixture, the tensile index of the cellulosic paper containing PCC/CNF composite was increased by 44.48% and 12.14%, respectively. These results not only provide a facile and scalable approach to increase interaction between cellulosic fiber and mineral filler but also create more possibilities for special paper-based materials with requiring high content of inorganic materials.In the present work, the structuring and stabilising potential of flaxseed gum (FG) in whey protein isolate (WPI) cryo-hydrogels was investigated. The FG presence (0.1-1% wt.) in the heat-treated WPI dispersions (10% wt.) induced strong segregative phase separation phenomena, which were associated with a depletion flocculation mechanism. The cryotropic processing of the WPI-FG solutions led to the formation of diverse macroporous protein gel networks depending on the colloidal state of their biopolymeric precursors. Cryogel formation was primarily mediated via covalent (thiol-disulphide bond) bridging, whilst to a lesser extent, non-covalent interactions contributed to the overall stabilisation of the protein gel network. Although FG had a rather minor contribution to the formation of elastically active crosslinks (FG was partitioning mainly into the serum phase located in the macropores), its presence (at concentrations ≥0.75% wt.) improved the homogeneity and interconnectivity of the stranded protein network, whilst it reduced its colloidal instability and macroporosity.There is a growing interest in the synthesis of electrically conductive cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) for advanced applications, such as supercapacitor, batteries, sensor, and printed electronics. CNC is recognized as an attractive template for the fabrication of functional nanomaterials. Since CNC possesses many attractive properties, it is a sustainable template to prepare conductive nanomaterials, by either coating it with a conductive material or transforming it into carbon nanorods. This review summarizes the utilization of a sustainable and low-cost CNC to produce conductive nanocomposites via an environmentally friendly process. signaling pathway Electroconductive CNCs with enhanced electrical properties, lower electrical percolation threshold, and better mechanical properties can be produced and are attractive systems for many new applications.