Carrdillard2235
Though COVID vaccines have been available since December 2020, the rate at which they are administered remains slow, and in the meantime the pandemic continues to claim about as many lives every day as the 9/11 tragedy. I estimate that with the promised rate of vaccinations, if no additional non-pharmaceutical interventions are implemented, 203 thousand additional lives will be lost and the future cost of the pandemic will reach $1.3 trillion, or 6% of GDP. Using a cost-benefit analysis, I assess whether it is optimal for the United States to follow the lead of many European countries and introduce a nation-wide lockdown. selleck products I find that a lockdown would be indeed optimal and, depending on the assumptions, it should last between two and four weeks and will generate a net benefit of up to $653 billion.Little has been investigated about Science Diplomacy (SD) in emerging economies, more specifically on governance schemes useful for organizing intersecting actors, practices, conceptions and suggestions of the future in foreign affairs and Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) in public administration sectors. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the "texture and nature" of SD initiatives in emerging economies through the eyes of relevant actors involved or reflecting about them in Colombia. The aim of this paper is to propose a general governance scheme for SD in emerging economies and its potential instrumentation for a policy-mix. In Colombia, SD initiatives are very fragmented, and are not part of the priorities of the Colombian state, however the increasing interest of an embryonic practitioner and scholar community working in the topic make necessary this work. A phenomenological perspective combined with a single case study research methodology is used to gain a very accurate descripte of including non-conventional diplomacy actors and knowledge, and the need to inquire rationales behind possible SD policy mixes in the southern world.Bibliometric indicators such as the number of published articles and citations received are subject to a strong ambiguity. A high numerical value of bibliometric indicators may not measure the quality of scientific production, but only a high level of activity of a researcher. There may be cases of good researchers who do not produce a high number of articles, but have few research products of high quality. The sociology of science relies on the so-called "Matthew effect," which is inspired by Matthew's Gospel on Talents. "Those that have more will have more" seems to support the idea that those that publish more, merit to have higher bibliometric indicators, and to be recognized for their major results. But is this really the case? Can bibliometric indicators be considered a measure of the merit of scholars or they come from luck and chance? The answer is of fundamental importance to identify best practices in research assessment. In this work, using philosophical argumentation, we show how Christian theology, in particular St. Thomas Aquinas, can help us to clarify the concept of merit, overcoming the conceptual ambiguities and problems highlighted by the existing literature. By doing this, Christian theology, will allow us to introduce the evaluation framework in a broader perspective better suited to the interpretation of the complexity of research evaluation.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) deserves proper prevention, diagnosis, and management due to healthcare implications from both maternal and fetal concerns.
To evaluate the rate and investigate the risk factors for developing GDM.
In this case-control, universal screening for GDM between 24 and 28 wk of gestation was performed in 613 pregnant women attending a prenatal clinic in Tehran who were followed-up until delivery between March 2017 to March 2018. Of the 613 women, 143 had GDM and 470 had normal glucose tolerance test as the primary diagnosis. Some GDM risk factors were compared in two groups.
Impaired glucose tolerance test was detected in 143 (23.3%) patients. Prevalence of GDM was higher in the first-trimester fasting blood sugar (FBS)
>
90 qmg/dl group (p
<
0.001). Comparison of the GDM and the normal glucose tolerance test groups demonstrated significant differences in maternal age, first-trimester FBS, third-trimester vitamin D level, maternal platelet count, maternal body mass index (BMI) (before 12 wk of gestation), weight gain during pregnancy, and the history of gestational complications in previous pregnancy (p
<
0.01). In logistic regression, GDM was independently associated with older maternal age, higher first-trimester FBS, the history of gestational complications in previous pregnancy, lower third-trimester vitamin D level, and higher maternal platelet count (p
<
0.01).
Both patients with higher initial FBS and the history of gestational complications in previous pregnancy should be considered high risk for GDM and screened earlier.
Both patients with higher initial FBS and the history of gestational complications in previous pregnancy should be considered high risk for GDM and screened earlier.
There is no sufficient information on the impact of bovine ampullary oviductal epithelial cells (BAOECs) on in vitro oocyte maturation competence and gene expression.
This study aimed to examine the oocyte developmental competence following co-culturing with a monolayer of fresh and frozen-thawed ampullary cells.
Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were distributed into three groups control group; where in COCs were cultured in cell-free media for 24 hr and FML and FTML groups in which the COCs were cultured in maturation media for 18 hr and then transferred into a media containing fresh and frozen-thawed BAOECs monolayer, respectively (BAOECs were extracted from the oviducts of slaughtered cattle and were then cultured freshly or frozen-thawed) for a further 6 hr. After 24 hr, the expanded COCs were evaluated for nuclear maturation, fertilization rate, and gene expression (
, and
).
Nuclear maturation rate in the FTML group was significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.02). The fertilization rate of FTML group was significantly higher than the control and FML groups (p = 0.05 and p = 0.03, respectively). In terms of gene expression,
were upregulated in the presence of the BAOECs during the last 6 hr of the in vitro maturation (p
<
0.001). Furthermore, the expression of the
gene in the FTML group was higher than the other groups (p = 0.02).
Ampullary cells co-culturing (especially frozen-thawed cells) for in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes yields encourages the results and demonstrates the beneficial effect of co-culture on gene expression and developmental competence.
Ampullary cells co-culturing (especially frozen-thawed cells) for in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes yields encourages the results and demonstrates the beneficial effect of co-culture on gene expression and developmental competence.
Several conflicting results have been reported on the survival and function of transplanted ovaries.
Evaluation of the follicular development and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) in ovaries transplanted into uni- and bilaterally ovariectomized mice.
In this experimental study, 40 female NMRI mice (21-days-old, 12-15 gr) were ovariectomized uni- and bilaterally (n = 20/ group), while the 8-wk-old mice were considered as intact control group (n = 6). 5 weeks after transplantation at the proestrus stage, the morphology of recovered transplanted ovaries and the proportion of follicles were studied at different developmental stages. The apoptosis cell death by pro-apoptotic protein BAX and the expression of VEGF were evaluated using immunohistochemistry.
In the bilaterally ovariectomized mice, among the 455 counted normal follicles, a lower rate of primordial and primary follicles and a higher rate of preantral and antral follicles were observovariectomy has less side effects on the ovarian reserve compared to bilateral ovariectomy.
Infertility has been recognized as a stressful clinical condition, significantly affecting couples' emotional functioning.
To investigate the relationship between coping/attachment styles and infertility-specific distress (ISD) in infertile participants.
Atotal number of 240 infertile participants (120 women and 120 men) who attend the Outpatient Infertility Clinic in Sari, Iran between February and October 2017 were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic variables. In addition, coping and attachment styles were evaluated via the Coping Strategies Questionnaire and the Revised Adult Attachment Scale by Collins and Read (1990); respectively. Ultimately, the Infertility Distress Scale was used to assess ISD.
The mean ISD score was 42.53
±
9.63. Secure and insecure attachment styles were observed in 37.9% and 62.1% of the cases, respectively. There was a significant difference among ISD and different groups of attachment styles (p = 0.001) and emotion-focused coping style (p = 0.021). However, no significant relationship was found between problem-focused coping style and ISD (p = 0.985).
Considering the relationship between coping/attachment styles and ISD, it was recommended to implement stress prevention and coping education within the framework of coping/attachment theories for infertile individuals.
Considering the relationship between coping/attachment styles and ISD, it was recommended to implement stress prevention and coping education within the framework of coping/attachment theories for infertile individuals.
Adhesion due to intrauterine surgery such as septal resection associated with damaged endometrium can increase the risk of Asherman's syndrome. The main goal of treatment in this syndrome is to repair the damaged endometrium for creating a physiological pregnancy.
To investigate the effect of intrauterine injection of hyaluronic acid on the prevention of Asherman's syndrome in women undergoing uterine septum resection.
In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 65 women undergoing the uterine septum resection were divided into two groups; the case group (n = 34) and the control group (n = 31). Immediately after the septal resection with a resectoscope, 1cc of hyaluronic acid gel in the case group and 1cc normal saline solution as a placebo in the control group was injected into the uterine cavity. After two months, existence of intrauterine adhesions in the both groups was examined by the hysteroscope and assessment of menstrual patterns, according to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine criteria.
Our results showed that after intervention, the incidence of Asherman's syndrome in the control group was higher than the case group (p = 0.012). In the case group, only four women had poor adhesion (Asherman's syndrome) at the end of the study, while the rest of them were free of any adhesions in the uterine cavity. In the control group, however, only 19 were free of intrauterine adhesions and 12 had mild symptoms.
The results of the study exhibited the hyaluronic acid capacity to reduce the risk of Asherman's syndrome in women with endometrial damage following a septal resection surgery.
The results of the study exhibited the hyaluronic acid capacity to reduce the risk of Asherman's syndrome in women with endometrial damage following a septal resection surgery.
