Cantrellfoss3458

01, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.04). When a gender-by-sleep interaction term was included, the relationship between sleep and symptoms was stronger for girls compared with boys. In healthy athletes who slept ≤5 hours, 46% of girls and 31% of boys met the criteria for ICD-10 PCS compared with 16% of girls and 11% of boys who slept ≥9 hours. Sleep duration was not meaningfully associated with neurocognitive performance.

Insufficient sleep the night before testing is an important factor to consider when interpreting symptom reporting, especially for girls. It will be helpful for clinicians to take this into account when interpreting both baseline and postinjury symptom reporting.

Insufficient sleep the night before testing is an important factor to consider when interpreting symptom reporting, especially for girls. It will be helpful for clinicians to take this into account when interpreting both baseline and postinjury symptom reporting.

Investigate the theory that chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) results from venous outflow obstruction due to functional muscular compression. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome occurs when increased pressure within a muscle compartment produces pain and/or neurologic symptoms. The exact etiology of CECS is unknown, leading to inconsistent diagnostic and treatment plans.

Retrospective case series.

Private practice and sports medicine.

Two hundred eighty-four patients with exercise-induced lower leg pain. Twenty-two patients lost to follow-up.

Leg vasculature was evaluated using stress computed tomography angiography (CTA) and MVP Flex to identify areas of functional venous compression. All patients then underwent targeted botulinum toxin treatment. Posttreatment follow-up imaging was performed using stress CTA in 197 patients.

Presence of functional venous compression on stress CTA. Symptom reduction and normalization of venous flow after targeted botulinum toxin injections.

Basful treatment plans. Based on our findings, treatment should be directed at the sites of venous compression.

An evolved understanding of the pathophysiology of greater trochanteric pain syndrome has led to a number of proposed nonoperative management strategies. The objective of this review was to compare the efficacy of the various nonoperative treatments for greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS).

Systematic review and network meta-analysis.

PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, SCOPUS, and Web of Science were searched to January 2020.

Patients undergoing nonoperative treatment for GTPS.

Nonoperative treatment strategies for GTPS including injections of corticosteroids, platelet-rich plasma, hyaluronic acid, dry needling, and structured exercise programs and extracorporeal shockwave therapy.

Pain and functional outcomes. Bayesian random-effects model was performed to assess the direct and indirect comparison of all treatment options.

Thirteen randomized controlled trials and 1034 patients were included. For pain scores at 1 to 3 months follow-up, both platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and shockwave therapy demonstrated significantly better pain scores compared with the no treatment control group with PRP having the highest probability of being the best treatment at both 1 to 3 months and 6 to 12 months. No proposed therapies significantly outperformed the no treatment control group for pain scores at 6 to 12 months. Structured exercise had the highest probability of being the best treatment for improvements in functional outcomes and was the only treatment that significantly improved functional outcome scores compared with the no treatment arm at 1 to 3 months.

Current evidence suggests that PRP and shockwave therapy may provide short-term (1-3 months) pain relief, and structured exercise leads to short-term (1-3 months) improvements in functional outcomes.

Current evidence suggests that PRP and shockwave therapy may provide short-term (1-3 months) pain relief, and structured exercise leads to short-term (1-3 months) improvements in functional outcomes.

Examine sociodemographic differences (gender, age, and language spoken at home) on baseline Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (Child SCAT5) scores and establish normative reference data for the Child SCAT5 among middle school student athletes.

Cross-sectional study.

Nine middle schools in Virginia.

A sample of 1355 athletes playing competitive school-sponsored sports (ages 11-13, M = 12.3 ± 0.8; 40.1% girls, 59.9% boys) during the 2017 and 2018 school year. BB-2516 mouse Certified athletic trainers administered the Child SCAT5 within the first 2 weeks of the sport season.

Self-reported gender, age, and language spoken at home.

All Child SCAT5 outcome measures.

Gender, age, and language spoken at home were associated with Child SCAT5 scores, but the magnitude of differences was generally small. Specifically, girls endorsed more symptoms (girls M = 8.4 ± 5.7, boys M = 7.5 ± 5.7; P = 0.003) and greater symptom severity (girls M = 11.6 ± 9.4, boys M = 10.4 ± 9.3; P = 0.006) than boys and performed slightly better than boys on cognitive and balance tasks. Older students performed slightly better than younger students on tests of cognition (eg, SAC-C 11-year-olds M = 21.3 ± 2.1, 13-year-olds M = 21.7 ± 2.1; P = 0.02). Total symptoms (P = 0.01), symptom severity (P = 0.01), immediate memory (P < 0.001), delayed recall (P = 0.001), and SAC-C total scores (P = 0.002) differed across language groups.

Gender, age, and language spoken in the home are associated with baseline scores on multiple components of the Child SCAT5 among middle school students, although the magnitudes of observed differences are small. Normative reference values are provided for clinicians when interpreting Child SCAT5 scores.

Gender, age, and language spoken in the home are associated with baseline scores on multiple components of the Child SCAT5 among middle school students, although the magnitudes of observed differences are small. Normative reference values are provided for clinicians when interpreting Child SCAT5 scores.

To determine the effect of an educational workshop on adherence to neuromuscular training (NMT) among high-school coaches.

Cluster-randomized controlled trial.

High school.

A total of 21 teams in 8 high schools (unit of randomization) were randomized to the intervention or control group. Twelve boys' and 9 girls' teams in a variety of sports were enrolled.

Coaches in the intervention group participated in a 60-minute education workshop to teach effective implementation of a NMT program and also received print materials. Coaches in the control group received the same print materials.

Eight data collectors were trained to observe each team's practice/game 2 to 3 times a week. They completed a study questionnaire to identify the NMT exercise and whether the coach (1) delivered exercise instructions and (2) provided alignment cues (both yes/no).

A total of 399 practices/games were observed over 2 seasons. A greater proportion of coaches in the intervention group provided alignment cues to correct improper technique compared with the control group difference = 0.