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D, particularly the transactional relation between parents' associative stigma and youths' illness appraisals and emotional functioning. The clinical implications of our results for addressing adjustment difficulties in youth with IBD are also discussed.

Globally, the use of labels or signage targeting SSBs remains in its infancy and there is limited evidence available regarding its ability to decrease purchase and consumption of SSBs.

This systematic review aimed to synthesize the evidence on the effect of sugar- or health-related sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) warning labels or signage on knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs, and SSB purchase and consumption.

Nine databases - Ovid Medline, Emerald Insight, Scopus, Informit, Business Source Complete, CINAHL, Global Health, PsychINFO, and SocIndex - were searched along withgrey literature from inception to December 2019. The PRISMA guidelines were applied for reporting this systematic review.

Studies examining the impact of front of pack (FOP) labels and/or point of sale (POS) signage highlighting added sugar content or its health risks were included.

Two authors independently extracted data on items, including study details, study design, population characteristics, intervention label details (type, duration, and settings), and outcomes measures. The Effective Public Health Practice Project tool was used to assess the study quality.

Findings were synthesized narratively.

Twenty-one studies published between 1992 and 2019 were included. Of these, 16 studies examined the impact of FOP labels and 5 studies examined the impact of POS signage. Both FOP labels and POS signage were associated with improved health knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding SSBs and reduced SSB purchases. Warning labels with diet-related health consequences were found to be particularly effective. Overall quality of studies was assessed as mixed.

Health- or sugar-related FOP labels and POS signage for SSBs are promising public health measures and may improve consumers' health behaviors toward reduced SSB purchase and consumption.

Health- or sugar-related FOP labels and POS signage for SSBs are promising public health measures and may improve consumers' health behaviors toward reduced SSB purchase and consumption.

Human trafficking is a global problem taking many forms, including sex and labor exploitation. EN460 Trafficking victims can be any age, although most trafficking begins when victims are adolescents. Many trafficking victims have contact with health-care providers across various health-care contexts, both for emergency and routine care.

We propose 4 specific areas where medical informatics can assist with combatting trafficking screening, clinical decision support, community-facing tools, and analytics that are both descriptive and predictive. Efforts to implement health information technology interventions focused on trafficking must be carefully integrated into existing clinical work and connected to community resources to move beyond identification to provide assistance and to support trauma-informed care.

We lay forth a research and implementation agenda to integrate human trafficking identification and intervention into routine clinical practice, supported by health information technology.

A sociotechnical systems approach is recommended to ensure interventions address the complex issues involved in assisting victims of human trafficking.

A sociotechnical systems approach is recommended to ensure interventions address the complex issues involved in assisting victims of human trafficking.There is strong evidence both internationally and in Ireland that the correct installation of passive prevention systems in new buildings is the most cost-effective way of protecting the population against radon. Previous work considering membranes, granular fill material in the aggregate layer beneath the slab and sump system has been conducted in Ireland to improve the protection of buildings from radon. The implications of research on passive sumps potential to reduce radon concentrations are significant, as if it can be shown that the installation of passive sumps in Irish building is effective; this could constitute a low-cost, passive, sustainable method for minimizing radon levels in buildings. On-going experimental tests investigating the performance of different common cowls used for passive soil depressurization systems are presented, in addition to the impact of different vertical heights and horizontal lengths of pipe with a number of bends investigated.

Prior research identified peer use as a salient risk factor of adolescent electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, but has not expanded on the mechanisms of this association.

Participants were 562 adolescents recruited from rural and suburban public high schools and an adolescent medicine clinic in the mid-Atlantic United States. Participants completed a packet of questionnaires that assessed demographics, substance use, expectations about the consequences of e-cigarette use, and perceptions of their own self-efficacy to resist using e-cigarettes. We estimated a series of mediation models using the MODEL INDIRECT command in MPLUS statistical software. In all models, significance of indirect effects from peer e-cigarette use to self-reported e-cigarette use were tested via two variables (a) expected costs, (b) benefits of e-cigarette use, and (c) the perceived self-efficacy of the individual to refrain from e-cigarette use.

Adolescents with more peers using e-cigarettes were more likely to have ever used an e-cigarette and perceived greater benefits and fewer costs, which was associated with a reduced self-efficacy to refrain from e-cigarette smoking (Model 1). Those with more peers using e-cigarettes were more likely to be currently using e-cigarettes themselves because they perceived greater benefits and fewer costs, which was associated with a reduced self-efficacy to refrain from e-cigarette smoking (Model 2).

Peer use, self-efficacy to resist use, and expectations of cost and benefits of e-cigarette use should be considered as possible targets when devising tailored interventions and policies to prevent or reduce negative health consequences of long-term e-cigarette use.

Peer use, self-efficacy to resist use, and expectations of cost and benefits of e-cigarette use should be considered as possible targets when devising tailored interventions and policies to prevent or reduce negative health consequences of long-term e-cigarette use.