Camachohalberg2758

All currently available antimalarial drugs are developed from natural product lineages that may be traced back to herbal medicines including quinine, lapachol, and artemisinin. Natural products, which primarily target free radicals or reactive oxygen species, play an important role in the treatment of malaria.

To review role of antioxidative therapy in treatment of malaria by scavenging or counter free radical and also review importance of natural plant extracts as antioxidants in oxidative therapy of malaria treatment.

The search for natural antioxidants was conducted using the following databases of Researchgate, science direct, google scholar, Bentham science using following keywords malaria, reactive oxygen species, natural antioxidants and antiplasmodial.

This study reviewed various literature sources related to natural products employed in antimalarial therapy directly or indirectly by countering/scavenging reactive oxygen species that were published between 2016 to till date. The literature suras well as in association with other botanical extracts. Natural antioxidants like polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, having a broad range of biological effects against malaria. This review is pivoted around natural antioxidants obtained from the food and medicinal plants and to explore their application in restraining reactive oxygen species (ROS). We anticipate this article will provide information on future research on the role of antioxidant therapy in malaria infection.The term "reactive oxygen species" (ROS) refers to a family of extremely reactive molecules. They are crucial as secondary messengers in both physiological functioning and the development of cancer. Tumors have developed the ability to survive at elevated ROS levels with significantly higher H2O2 levels than normal tissues. ODM208 chemical structure Chemodynamic therapy is a novel approach to cancer treatment that generates highly toxic hydroxyl radicals via a Fenton/Fenton-like reaction between metals and peroxides. Inorganic nanoparticles cause cytotoxicity by releasing ROS. Inorganic nanoparticles can alter redox homoeostasis by generating ROS or diminishing scavenging mechanisms. Internalized nanoparticles generate ROS in biological systems independent of the route of internalisation. This method of producing ROS could be employed to kill cancer cells as a therapeutic strategy. ROS also play a role in regulating the development of normal stem cells, as excessive ROS disturb the stem cells' regular biological cycles. ROS treatment has a significant effect on normal cellular function. Mitochondrial ROS are at the centre of metabolic changes and control a variety of other cellular processes, which can lead to medication resistance in cancer patients. As a result, utilising ROS in therapeutic applications can be a double-edged sword that requires better understanding.The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family plays a major role in tumors and ophthalmic diseases. However, increasingly more data present its potential in regulating lipids. With its biological functions mainly expressed in lymphatic vessels, some factors in the family, like VEGF-A and VEGF-C, have been proved to regulate intestinal absorption of lipids by affecting chylous ducts. Other effects, including regulating lipoprotein lipase (LPL), endothelial lipase (EL) and recombinant syndecan 1 (SDC1), have also been confirmed. However, given the scant related studies, much more researches should be conducted to supplement concrete mechanisms and provide pragmatic ways to apply them in clinic. The VEGF family may treat dyslipidemia in specific ways that are different from common methods and concurrently contribute to the treatment of other metabolic diseases, like diabetes and obesity.Diabetes is a growing health concern worldwide because it affects people of all age groups and increases the risk of other diseases such as renal impairment and neural and cardiovascular disorders. Oral hypoglycemic drugs mainly control diabetes; however, their associated side effects limit their use in patients with other complications. PTP1B is a viable drug target to explore new antidiabetic drugs. PTP1B acts as a negative regulator of the insulin-signaling pathway, and therefore, PTP1B inhibitors display antihyperglycemic activity. Several classes of compounds from natural and synthetic sources act as PTP1B inhibitors. Fungi are comprehensive in their diversity and recognized as a valuable source for therapeutically active molecules. In recent years, researchers have reported diverse classes of fungal secondary metabolites as potent PTP1B inhibitors. Some metabolites such as 6-O-methylalaternin, fumosorinone A, nordivaricatic acid, and the divarinyl divarate showed good activity and can be taken forward as a lead to develop novel PTP1B inhibitors and antidiabetic drugs. Therefore, the present review focuses on the fungal metabolites identified in the last five years possessing PTP1B inhibitory activity. A total of 128 metabolites are reviewed. Their fungal species and source, chemical structure, and activity in terms of IC50 are highlighted.Background Artificial neural network (ANN) is an optimization method which is able to interact the input data and predict the best outputs. The ANN model determines the important factors affection the process. This could allow maximization of the process outputs. Objective There was only very limited publication on use of ANN for optimization of the bioprocess. This was a trial to use the model to optimize an extraction process and relate the extraction to the antimicrobial activities. Methods An artificial neural network as model was tested to optimize the extraction for clove flowers and relate it to the antimicrobial activities of the extracts. ANN model was constructed as by multilayer perception (MPL) with six input, two hidden layer and one output layer. The mean for the inhibition zone was 1.5 cm so the data categorized into two sets. Large inhibition zone > 1.5 - 2.3 cm and intermediate or small inhibition zone less then 0.7-1.5 cm. The antimicrobial activities were tested against 20 microbial straie results and the statistical calculation for accuracy of the model it was apparent that the model can used successfully to predict and optimized the data for the extraction process. This could incite the ability of these models to be applied on similar processes. The model was efficient in prediction and determination the effective factors.Green polymer nanocomposites, referred to as completely biodegradable, renewable, environmentally friendly, and benign materials, have received a surge of attention to promote sustainable development. Polymer nanocomposites, where nanomaterials are used for reinforcement, possess a large interfacial area per volume and the intervals between the filler nanoparticles and polymer matrix are significantly short. Molecular interactions between the filler particles and the matrix, therefore, provide polymer nanocomposites with novel characteristics that ordinary polymers or conventional macrocomposites do not possess. However, nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanofilms, nanofibers, nanoflakes, etc., in the form of nanocomposites may cause serious diseases and pollute the environment severely. While the number of review articles on fundamental and applied research work of polymer nanocomposites is noteworthy, this review focuses more in depth on the applications of safe and green polymer nanocomposites in the automotive and packaging industries. The particular focus has been to examine and investigate in detail the initial and contemporaneous trends, status, and perspectives of green and safe polymer nanocomposites in the automotive and packaging industries. Background characteristics, strengths, weakness, potentiality, prospects, and opportunities of green polymer nanocomposites suitable for automotive and packaging industries have been addressed. The ultimate goal is to have a profound understanding of the structure-property relationship of green polymer nanocomposites to overcome existing limitations for automotive and packaging applications.

Water pollution is one of the leading causes for human fatality in the world particularly in underdeveloped or in developing countries. Moreover, with rapid industrialization and urbanization of rural lands, the problem of water pollution is posing a severe threat to communal health and livelihood these days. The pollutants found in water are of varied nature and depends on the source of the water. Several techniques have been so far adapted to purify contaminated water which includes both sophisticated, costly methods and simple and cost-effective methods. All these techniques have one or more disadvantages which limit their application in large scale, sustainable and long-term usage. The advances in the field of nanoscience and technology have opened a new horizon for replacement/ improvement of these conventional ways with more efficient methods. Presently green synthesized nanomaterials are being used for water purification.

Plant extracts and microbes are being used to synthesize nanomaterials which are being used as catalysts, adsorbents and membranes for water purification.

Nanomaterial-based techniques could create problems on the environment due to various chemicals used in their production step and thus defeating the ultimate purpose. In this regard, green nanomaterials can prove to be extremely useful both in terms of sustainability and efficiency.

This review illustrates various ways how green nanomaterials can be utilized for water remediation and summarize the recent work done in this emerging research front.

This review illustrates various ways how green nanomaterials can be utilized for water remediation and summarize the recent work done in this emerging research front.The advent and spread of novel coronavirus viruses (nCoV), has been presenting the planet with a new public health crisis since December 2019. Several cases of unexplained pneumonia occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, only a month before the Chinese Spring festival. After a diagnosis of broncho-alveolar fluid samples of people from the Wuhan Seafood Market, the new coronavirus was identified using next-generation sequence technology. This work aims to bring out information regarding COVID-19 under a common platform that will help the researchers to identify the vital therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and, also it will provide insights into some significant work performed in recent times by scientific communities around the globe. In this review, we have tried to explore multiple aspects related to COVID-19 that includes Epidemiology, Etiology, COVID-19 variants, Vaccine candidates, Potential therapeutic targets, role of natural products, and computational studies in drug design and development, repurposing, analysis of crystal structures available for COVID-19 related protein structures. Druggable targets include all viral enzymes and proteins involved in viral replication and regulation of host cellular machines. The medical community is tracking several therapies to combat the infection by using various antiviral and immunomodulatory mechanisms. While some vaccines are approved in this world-wide health crisis, a more precise therapy or drug is formally recommended to be used against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Natural products other than synthetic drugs, have been tested by in silico analysis against COVID-19. However, important issues still need to be addressed regarding in vivo bioavailability and better efficacy.