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Dental fear or dental phobia is caused by previous unpleasant dental experiences and pain. It can result in delaying or avoiding dental visits. Most often it leads to individuals avoiding visiting the dentist until physical pain completely impairs the quality of life.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a method of pain relief involving the use of a mild electrical current. The main aim of this study was to examine whether the TENS device affects the reduction of anxiety and fear during dental procedures.

The study was conducted on a sample of 125 respondents, aged 9-14 years. Statistical significance of differences between pre- and post-treatment results on all applied measuring instruments was verified by the t-test for dependent samples. The calculation was performed for all respondents and individually for the three observed groups. The Children`s Fear Survey Schedule - Dental Subscale test was used to assess anxiety and fear.

The results on the CFSS-DS scale in all subjects did not differ statistically significantly before and after treatment (p > 0.05). The results on the CFSS-DS scale in subjects who received TENS were statistically significantly different before and after treatment (p < 0.01). The results on the CFSS-DS scale in subjects who received local anesthesia were statistically significantly different before and after treatment (p < 0.05).

The TENS device had an anxiolytic effect after the first visit.

The TENS device had an anxiolytic effect after the first visit.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of saliva secreted and calcium, bicarbonate, and phosphate ion concentration in patients receiving antihypertensive for five years or over five years (patient group) and in healthy patients (control group).

The patient or experimental group included 31 subjects who were admitted to a cardiovascular clinic and had been receiving an antihypertensive drug therapy for more than five years. The control group included 31 healthy subjects. The measured amount of saliva was further used to determine the calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate ion concentration values. Calcium and phosphate ions were determined spectrophotometrically, while bicarbonate ions were determined by titration.

A two-way-test (Student's test) was used to compare the values of variables. The amount of excreted saliva was statistically significantly lower in the patient group in non-stimulated (1.739 mL/5 min) and stimulated saliva (3.594 mL/5 min). Calcium ion concentration was statistically significantly lower in patient group in resting saliva (6.143 mg/dL). Bicarbonate and phosphate ion concentration in patient group was statistically significantly higher in non-stimulated (bicarbonate ion = 14.041 mmol/L, phosphate ion = 2.818 μmol/L) and stimulated saliva (bicarbonate ion = 10.872 mmol/L, phosphate ion = 1.454 μmol/L), respectively.

A reduced amount of saliva and calcium ion concentration indicates the possibility of a higher frequency of hard dental tissue demineralization process. On the contrary, the increase in the phosphate and bicarbonate ion concentration in the patient group affects the regulation of acid-base balance, thus having a preventive effect.

A reduced amount of saliva and calcium ion concentration indicates the possibility of a higher frequency of hard dental tissue demineralization process. On the contrary, the increase in the phosphate and bicarbonate ion concentration in the patient group affects the regulation of acid-base balance, thus having a preventive effect.

This study aimed to investigate the techniques of matricing used by Egyptian dentists, and evaluate the influence of these techniques on the reproduction of optimum proximal contacts for posterior proximal resin composite restorations.

An online questionnaire was developed and sent to 785 dentists via e-mail and social media platforms. The survey asked the participants about the following the highest academic degree achieved and their experience, techniques of matricing used, brands of matricing systems used, assessment of proximal contact points, their evaluation of the contact points they reproduced, and their assessment of the restorations' emergence profiles.

A total of 415 dentists participated in the study (response rate 52.8%). 308, (74%), dentists preferred using the sectional matrix system, while 107 dentists, (26%), preferred using the circumferential matrix system. One hundred twenty-six dentists, (31%), reported that the circumferential matrix systems reproduced optimum contacts, 105 dentists, (25%), reported tight contacts and 184 dentists, (44%), reported open contacts. selleckchem However, for the sectional matrix systems, the optimum contacts were reported by 279 dentists, (67%), tight contacts by 109 dentists, (26%), and open contacts by 27 dentists, (7%). There was a statistically significant difference between the sectional matrix systems and the circumferential matrix systems regarding the tightness of the proximal contact points (P<0.0001).

Egyptian dentists preferred using the sectional matrix systems. The survey indicated that optimum contact points were highly associated with the sectional matrix systems, while poor (open and tight) contacts were highly associated with the circumferential matrix systems.

Egyptian dentists preferred using the sectional matrix systems. The survey indicated that optimum contact points were highly associated with the sectional matrix systems, while poor (open and tight) contacts were highly associated with the circumferential matrix systems.

To compare the subsurface mineral loss preventing capability of resin infiltration technique with topical fluoride and fissure sealant applications to demineralized occlusal fissures under simulated oral conditions.

Occlusal surfaces of 64 extracted intact human third molars were demineralized. Next, the teeth were classified into four groups according to preventive applications (n = 16) G1, Specimens used as the control group with no preventive treatment; G2, Topical fluoride application (APF Gel/ DEEPAK); G3, Fissure sealant application (ClinproTMSealant/ 3M ESPE); and G4, Resin infiltration technique (Icon/ DMG). Chemical compositions before pH cycling were evaluated for eight specimens from each group. The remaining eight teeth from each group were subjected to pH cycling for 15 days to simulate the oral conditions. Subsequently, the specimens were fractured after immersion in liquid nitrogen and the subsurface fluoride (F), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) levels, and Ca/P ratio of each specimen were measured using energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS).