Byskovmacdonald8352

Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most importance diseases of rice production worldwide. The keyrole of defense mechanism to combat this fungus in rice follows the gene-for-gene concept, which a plant resistant (R) gene product recognizes a fungal avirulent (AVR) effector and triggers the hypersensitive response. However, the AVR genes have been shown to be rapidly evolving resulting in high level of genetic diversity. The aims of this study were to examine the nucleotide sequence variation of AVR-Pita1 gene in Thai rice blast isolates and to identify the severity of blast disease using isogenic line of Pita gene. Seventy-six rice blast isolates collected from different parts of Thailand were used. Gene specific primers for AVR-Pita1 gene coding sequence were designed and used for identifying the genetic diversity of AVR-Pita1 gene by PCR amplification and sequencing. The obtained sequences were analysed for genetic variation and genetic relationship. Our results revealed the association between the sequence variations of AVR-Pita1 and selective forces from Pita gene. read more This phenomenon demonstrated the coevolution between rice blast resistant gene in rice and avirulent gene in blast fungus. The information about variation and evolutionary mechanisms of AVR gene obtained from this study can be used in rice blast resistant breeding programme.Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. Tritici, (Bgt)) is an important worldwide fungal foliar disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) responsible for severe yield losses. The development of resistance genes and dissection of the resistance mechanism will therefore be beneficial in wheat breeding. The Bgt resistance gene PmAS846 was transferred to the hexaploid wheat lines N9134 from Triticum dicoccoides, and it is still one of the most effective resistance genes. Here, by RNA sequencing, we identified three co-expressed gene modules using pairwise comparisons and weighted gene co-expression network analysis during wheat-Bgt interactions compared with mock-infected plants. Hub genes of stress-specific modules were significantly enriched in spliceosomes, phagosomes, the mRNA surveillance pathway, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and endocytosis. Induced module genes located on chromosome 5BL were selected to construct a protein-protein interaction network. Several proteins were predicted as the key hub node, including Hsp70, DEAD/DEAH box RNA helicase PRH75, elongation factor EF-2, cell division cycle 5, ARF guanine-nucleotide exchange factor GNOM-like, and protein phosphatase 2C 70 protein, which interacted with several disease resistance proteins such as RLP37, RPP13 and RPS2 analogues. Gene ontology enrichment results showed that wheat could activate binding functional genes via an mRNA transcription mechanism in response to Bgt stress. Of these node genes, GNOM-like, PP2C isoform X1 and transmembrane 9 superfamily member 9 were mapped onto the genetic fragment of PmAS846 with a distance of 4.8 Mb. This work provides the foundations for understanding the resistance mechanism and cloning the resistance gene PmAS846.The relationship between the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression and oesophageal cancer prognosis has been widely studied, but less consensus has been reached. We conducted this study to evaluate the relationship between the expression of lncRNAs and the prognosis and clinical pathology of oesophageal cancer. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library until 25 January 2019. Studies that evaluated the associations of a specific lncRNA with survival and/or clinicopathology of oesophageal cancer were included. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed or random-effect models. Sensitivity analysis was used to verify the stability of results. Publication bias was detected usingBegg tests and adjusted utilizing the trim-and-fill method if a bias existed. A total of 51 studies comprising 6510 patients and regarding 41 lncRNAs were included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed that dysregulation of lncRNAs was associated with overall survival, disease-free survival, and progression-free survival. The expression of lncRNAs was related to some certain clinicopathological parameters of oesophageal cancer, including tumour size, T classification, lymph node metastasis, tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage and differentiation. Among these findings, lncRNA AK001796, CASC9, HOTAIR, MALAT1 and UCA1 were identified and were expected to be ideal biomarkers for the prognosis and clinicopathology of oesophageal cancer. Although significant publication bias was observed in some studies, the results were not changed after adjustment using the trim-and-fill method. Abnormal lncRNA-expression profiles could serve as a promising indicator for prognostic evaluation of patients with oesophageal cancer. The combination of these lncRNAs will contribute to clinical decision-making in the future.Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a deficiency of b-hexosaminidase A (Hex A), is a rare but debilitating hereditary metabolic disorder. Symptoms include extensive neurodegeneration and often result in death in infancy. We report an in silico study of 42 Hex A variants associated with the disease. Variants were separated into three groups according to the age of onset infantile (n=28), juvenile (n=9) and adult (n=5). Protein stability, aggregation potential and the degree of conservation of residues were predicted using a range of in silico tools. We explored the relationship between these properties and the age of onset of TSD. There was no significant relationship between proteinstability and disease severity or between protein aggregation and disease severity. Infantile TSD had a significantly higher mean conservation score than nondisease associated variants. This was not seen in either juvenile or adult TSD. This study has established that the degree of residue conservation may be predictive of infantile TSD. It is possible that these more highly conserved residues are involved in trafficking of the protein to the lysosome. In addition, we developed and validated software tools to automate the process of in silico analysis of proteins involved in inherited metabolic diseases. Further work is required to identify the function of well-conserved residues to establish an in silico predictive model of TSD severity.