Byrnebirch6543
Insecure attachment in couples is negatively associated with relationship functioning. Similarity of partner attachment on the other hand might attenuate such relationship outcomes. We tested the opposing insecurity and similarity hypotheses by examining associations of attachment with relationship satisfaction and instability in a representative community sample of couples (N = 1,014). We expected (a) negative effects of insecure attachment (main effects of actor and partner avoidance and anxiety, and interaction effects consistent with fearful-avoidance and demand-withdraw patterns); and (b) positive effects of similarity in avoidance and anxiety. Actor-Partner-Interdependence Models showed clear support for the insecurity hypothesis. Main effects of avoidance and anxiety, explained 46.2% of the variance of satisfaction, and 17.9% of instability. We conclude that reducing insecurity of attachment, in particular avoidance, must be a central target in couple therapy. Interestingly, similarity of attachment can partially buffer the negative effects of attachment insecurity. Clinical implications are discussed.
Stigmatisation of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use disorders poses a significant barrier to treatment access. A review by the World Health Organization concluded that addictive disorders were the most stigmatised health condition. Few studies have examined whether different etiological models of addiction (MOA) have implications for public stigma toward AOD disorders. The current study examined whether beliefs representative of five MOA predict public stigma levels and whether stigma differs for AOD use disorders relative to other health conditions.
Survey data were collected from Canada, the USA and Australia using an online data collection platform. Participants were randomised to one of four vignette manipulations describing an individual with an alcohol use disorder and/or other disorder. Participants' stigma toward the vignette character and beliefs related to five MOA (disease, moral, psychological, sociological, nature) were measured.
Stigma ratings were significantly higher in the alcohol use disorder condition compared to other conditions. Two MOA accounted for significant variance in stigma ratings, where greater beliefs in the nature and psychological MOA predicted significantly lower levels of stigma toward alcohol use disorder. Contrary to predictions, beliefs in the disease MOA did not relate to lower stigma. Lastly, beliefs in the moral MOA partly accounted for geographical region differences (the USA vs. Canada) in public stigma.
The current study provides further experimental support that AOD disorders are more stigmatised than others. Additionally, the findings suggest that MOA may relate differentially to perceived stigma, and that regional variability in such beliefs exists.
The current study provides further experimental support that AOD disorders are more stigmatised than others. GO-203 in vitro Additionally, the findings suggest that MOA may relate differentially to perceived stigma, and that regional variability in such beliefs exists.Hydroarylation is an effective strategy to rapidly increase the complexity of organic structures by transforming flat alkene moieties into three-dimensional frameworks. Many strategies have already been developed to achieve the hydroarylation of styrenes, however most of these reports examine the hydroarylation of unpolar, β-mono- or β-unsubstituted styrenes, while exploring mainly electron-rich benzene nucleophiles. Herein, we report a mild and general catalytic system for the selective hydroheteroarylation of multiply substituted styrenes and heteroaromatic styrenes. Mechanistic analysis of the reaction led to the discovery of commercially available 2,2'5',2-terthiophene as a key reagent.This article proposes a model for family therapists to become more competent, inclusive, and affirmative in their clinical work with transgender and nonbinary clients. In particular, this article details (1) barriers to transgender and nonbinary affirmative therapy, (2) impacts of these barriers on transgender and nonbinary people's mental health, (3) a three-step model for becoming an affirmative therapist for transgender and nonbinary clients, and (4) strategies for deconstructing cissexism in therapy. This goal of this article is to invite family therapists to join in on a lifelong journey of "becoming" an affirmative therapist for transgender and nonbinary clients, a journey on which none of us will ever "arrive". We can, however, take continual action to minimize the negative impacts of cissexism on therapists and clients; this article offers ideas for a place to start.
The relationship of weight loss motives with long-term outcomes is equivocal. We aimed to examine differences in weight loss motives of maintainers and regainers, as well as explore associations between motives and successful maintenance.
The study sample includes 607 adults, with a history of overweight/obesity and self-reported ≥10% voluntary weight loss, 12months before study entry. Participants were classified as maintainers (weighing ≤90% maximum weight) or regainers. Volunteers identified possible motives for weight loss and maintenance (maintainers only), from a specific list.
Both maintainers and regainers were predominantly motivated by physical appearance (38.6% versus 39.9%, P>0.05) and self-esteem (26.8% versus 32.0%, P>0.05) for weight loss. Compared to regainers, more maintainers reported weight reduction driven by social purposes (16.6% versus 9.4%, P=0.022) and less were prompted by friends/family to lose weight (21.1% versus 31.7%, P=0.005). In maintainers, shifts in motives from otives for long-term weight management, as well as the impact of shifting through motives on the magnitude of maintenance.
Our previous report has shown that the flavonoid 2'-hydroxyflavanone (2'-HF) showed inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) activity against androgen-sensitive prostate cancer (PCa) cells, LNCaP, and exhibited antitumor effects against androgen-insensitive PCa cells, PC-3, and DU145. In the present study, we prepared a derivative of 2'-HF, 16MS7F1924, and confirmed the effects of this derivative on PCa cells.
The antiproliferation effects of 16MS7F1924 were investigated in PCa cells using LNCaP, PC-3, DU145 and docetaxel-resistant and cabazitaxel-resistant cell lines of PC-3-TxR/CxR and DU145-TxR/CxR. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and AR expression level in whole cells and the nucleus were confirmed in LNCaP by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. AR activity in LNCaP cells was confirmed by luciferase assay using PSA promoter-driven reporter. To analyze the antiproliferative effects, cell-based assays using flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and TUNEL assay as well as Western blot analysis were employed.
