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Inorganic-organic co-assembly of anionic polyoxometalates (POMs) with zwitterions provides a facile way to fabricate functional soft materials. In this paper, a translucent, photoluminescent polymer hydrogel was fabricated from Weakley-type POM Na9EuW10O36 (EuW10) and polymerizable imidazole-type zwitterion 3-(1-vinyl-3-imidazolio)propanesulfonate (VIPS) via a one-step synthesis method. Detailed characterization indicated that the polymerization of double bonds in VIPS and electrostatic interactions between EuW10 and VIPS play important roles in the formation of the hydrogels. find more Additionally, the introduction of non-polymerizable zwitterions 3-(1-methyl-3-imidazolio)propanesulfonate (MIPS) or 3-(1-decyl-3-imidazolio)propanesulfonate (C10IPS) can improve the mechanical and luminous performances of the hydrogels. Especially, C10IPS with a long alkyl chain would more significantly alter the coordination environment of EuW10, and consequently resulted in a more efficient energy transfer process. Further investigations revealed that the chemical environment around the Eu3+ can be highly influenced by organic solvents with stronger coordination abilities than water molecules, such as acetone. The translucency and luminescence intensity of the hydrogels can be reversibly transformed after alternately immersing in acetone or H2O for several minutes. Our results provided a useful strategy for the fabrication of luminescent hydrogels by regulating the noncovalent interactions between POMs and zwitterions.Ultrafast two-dimensional infrared (2D-IR) spectroscopy has provided valuable insights into biomolecular structure and dynamics, but recent progress in laser technology and data analysis methods have demonstrated the potential for high throughput 2D-IR measurements and analytical applications. Using 2D-IR as an analytical tool requires a different approach to data collection and analysis compared to pure research applications however and, in this review, we highlight progress towards usage of 2D-IR spectroscopy in areas relevant to biomedical, pharmaceutical and analytical molecular science. We summarise the technical and methodological advances made to date and discuss the challenges that still face 2D-IR spectroscopy as it attempts to transition from the state-of-the-art laser laboratory to the standard suite of analytical tools.PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT index) and body mass index (BMI) in a Turkish population of adults aged 20-30 years who did not have any chronic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on a total of 394 patients. DMFT index was used to define the number of teeth with decays, teeth with fillings, and missing teeth. The body weight and height of the study participants were measured with a digital scale and height rod. BMI was calculated by dividing the body weight by the square root of the height. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni tests were used to compare three or more groups and to compare two groups, respectively. The statistical significance level was evaluated at p 0.05). CONCLUSION Positive correlation was observed between obesity and DMFT index. Coadministration of obesity prevention programmes and preventive oral health programmes can improve public health to a better point.PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between periodontitis and preterm birth in a Spanish Caucasian population, based on clinical and biochemical outcomes. Epidemiological studies have suggested that periodontitis is a potential risk factor for preterm birth. However, other studies have shown high heterogeneity in their results. Some factors such as number of evaluations during pregnancy, sample size, study population and maternal age may have an impact on the variability of the result. METHODS AND MATERIALS This cohort study enrolled 158 pregnant women, 39 with periodontitis and 119 without periodontitis. All pregnant women were evaluated in the first, second and third trimester. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found in periodontal parameters between both groups, but no statistically significant differences were found in biochemical parameters during pregnancy. The duration of pregnancy in healthy patients was 38.78 ± 4.49 weeks, and in patients with periodontitis 37.81 ± 4.89 weeks, with no statistical difference (p > 0.05). This showed that periodontitis was not associated with preterm birth in a Spanish Caucasian cohort. CONCLUSION In this study, periodontitis stage II, grade B, was not statistically associated with preterm birth. Pregnancy is a short period of time in order to evaluate long-term oral systemic infections. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are more difficult to occur. Thus, since pregnancy timing average cannot be changed, the stages of periodontal disease (initial, moderate, advanced) could be another factor to study.PURPOSE The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of preapplication of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate on the immediate microtensile bond strength of a universal adhesive system on dentine subjected to different bonding protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty human molars were used in this study, and the tooth surface was abraded to expose the dentine. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups according to the surface treatment (n = 5) SBU group Single Bond Universal without acid etching; SBUPA group 37% phosphoric acid + Single Bond Universal; SBUCG group 2% chlorhexidine gluconate + Single Bond Universal; and SBUPACG group 37% phosphoric acid + 2% chlorhexidine gluconate + Single Bond Universal. The microtensile bond strengths were measured using a microtensile tester 24 h after bonding. The bond strength data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Sheffé's least statistically significant difference test (α = 0.05). RESULTS No statistically significant differences between the analysed groups were observed (p > 0.05). However, conditioning with phosphoric acid without the action of the chlorhexidine gluconate group resulted in higher numerical values of bond strengths than that for the chlorhexidine gluconate without the acid conditioning group. CONCLUSION The preapplication of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate did not reduce the immediate bond strength of the Single Bond Universal adhesive system under different bonding protocols.