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INTRODUCTION Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common cause of acute surgical abdomen. Complications from surgical appendectomy include intraabdominal abscess, bleeding, surgical site infections, ileus, and stump appendicitis (SA). This last one is one of the least common ones with a reported incidence of 150.000. METHODS We present a case and review 132 cases of SA reported in the literature. Demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated, as well as details of the surgical treatment. Categorical variables are presented as quantities and proportions, and continuous variables with median and interquartile range. Additionally, we calculate an incidence from 3 papers reported in the literature and our own. RESULTS We analyzed 132 cases, 60.3 % were male with a median age at SA of 33 years. There was a wide range time interval between the episode of AA and SA from 1 day to 60 years. Initial open appendectomy was reported in 62 cases. From all the patients with SA 51 % reported complications. The median length of the appendiceal stump was 3 cm. The incidence of SA fluctuated between 0.22-1.37 in 1.000 cases of appendectomies. DISCUSSION SA is usually underrated, and which are the risk factors for this condition are not clear. The data available suggest that a primary laparoscopic appendectomy is not related to SA, but the length of the stump left in the first surgery might be associated. The incidence of SA seems to be higher than the one reported of 1 in 50.000. INTRODUCTION Ectopic hepatic tissue is due to an uncommon failure of embryological liver development. The incidence of ectopic liver has been reported to be anywhere from 0.24% to 0.47% and a prevalence rate of 0.47% as diagnosed at laparotomy or laparoscopy. We report a case of Ectopic Hepatic tissue attached to the gallbladder wall that was discovered during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. CASE REPORT A 47 year-old women presented to the surgery department with abdominal acute pain. The patient was taken for a standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The gallbladder was retracted cephalad while Hartmann's pouch was retracted laterally. It was then noted that an ectopic tissue was present on the gallbladder wall. The patient recovered well after surgery, had no complications and was discharged the day after surgery. DISCUSSION Ectopic hepatic tissue is a rare condition. The real incidence of ectopic hepatic tissue attached to the gallbladder wall is difficult to assess but is reportedly 0.24-0.47% of the population. Ectopic hepatic tissue attached to the gallbladder usually remains asymptomatic and is occasionally discovered during laparoscopy, as was the case with the patient in the present report. In this case presented, the histopathological examination of specimen was confirmed to be ectopic liver tissue without hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSION It is important to be vigilant of ectopic hepatic tissue, their complications, and the potential surgical, including increased operative time and the need to follow up on such patients to rule out any possible complications. Lightweight carbon electrodes are the new candidates for photovoltaic devices due to their temperature resistivity, ease of fabrication, and skin comfortability. Herein, a sustainable and facile strategy has been proposed for metal free all carbon dye sensitized solar cell (C-DSSC), assembled by stacking carbon front electrode (CFE) and carbon counter electrode (CCE). The CFE demonstrated adequate light transmittance (70-50%) while maintaining efficient photon absorption and charge separation mechanism due to dye coated TiO2 nanorods (P25-R). The graphene dip coated carbon counter electrode (Gr@CCE) possesses remarkable electro catalytic activity towards I3-/I- redox couple with low charge transfer resistance (RCT = 0.79 Ω). The sustainable design of C-DSSC attained ~6 ± 0.5% efficiency with high photocurrent density of 18.835 mA. cm-2. The superior performance of C-DSSC is accredited to its improved charge mobility, low internal resistance, and better interfacial electrode contact. The thickness of C-DSSC is ≤3 mm eliminates the need for rigid glass in DSSC. Molnupiravir research buy Microcompartments in the form of water-in-oil droplets have been utilized to construct artificial cells and simulate human body environment. However, the performance of subcellular structure involved metabolism in emulsion droplets has not been explored, and the underlying mechanism is still being elucidated. In this work, drug metabolism is presented on the basis of great amounts of microcompartments formed of picoliter-volume droplets with different radius (R), using a commercial four-way valve as a droplet generator. A model substrate, phenacetin, and its metabolite, paracetamol, are quantitatively analyzed by liquid-chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and the reaction kinetics is characterized. In microdroplets of varying size (R = 18, 27, 42, and 51 μm, respectively), both conversion ratio and reaction rate constant of the metabolism are influenced in different degree. For instance, the substrate conversion ratio after 60 min of incubation in R = 27 μm droplets improves from 15% to 42%, and the reaction rate constant improves nearly five-fold, compared to that in bulk phase. The influence of microcompartment size on metabolism rate is further explored by simulation using a diffusion-reaction model. The droplet-based strategy is rapid, accurate and cost-efficient, fitting especially into biomimetic metabolism studies. HYPOTHESES The interfacial dynamics in natural porous media are affected not only by the interplay between viscous and capillary forces but also the solid surface wettability. It has been hypothesized that the wettability alteration induced by changes in the water salinity is primarily caused by electric double-layer force expansion, which strongly affects the multiphase flow dynamics. SIMULATIONS We investigate the effect of water ionic composition and surface roughness on pore-scale wettability alteration. Multiphase hydrodynamics is numerically captured by a lubrication approximation describing the evolution of thin-films coupled with a multiscale level-set approach. An oil blob mobilized by water within a single pore is considered as a case study. The effect of brine ionic composition is accounted for by an electric double-layer through the water ionic strength and zeta-potential parameters. FINDINGS We demonstrate that high-salinity water thin-films collapse to an adsorbed nanometer layer, leading to a large pressure drop during mobilization of the blob induced by the attractive surface forces.