Buurcastro0208

The model is trained using 70\% events (6575 sleep-wake events) from the dataset, and the rest 30\% events (2818 sleep-wake events) are used for evaluating the performance of the model. Furthermore, the proposed model demonstrates a comparable performance (accuracy 81.10\%, sensitivity 81.06\%, specificity 82.50\%, precision 99.37\%, and F score 81.74\%) with respect to the existing uni-modal and multi-modal methods for sleep-wake classification. Significance This result advocates the potential of wearable PPG based sleep-wake classification. A wearable PPG based system would help in continuous, non-invasive monitoring of sleep quality.Background Conventional radiotherapy (RT) to pediatric brain tumors exposes a large volume of normal brain to unwarranted radiation causing late toxicity. We hypothesized that in well demarcated pediatric tumors lacking microscopic extensions, fractionated stereotactic RT (SRT), without target volume expansions, can reduce high dose normal tissue irradiation without affecting local control. Methods Between 2008 and 2017, fifty-two pediatric patients with brain tumors were treated using the CyberKnife (CK) with SRT in 180-200 cGy/fraction. Thirty representative cases were retrospectively planned for intensity modulated RT (IMRT) with 4-mm PTV expansion. We calculated the volume of normal tissue within the high or intermediate dose region adjacent to the target. Plan quality and radiation dose-volume dosimetry parameters were compared between CK and IMRT plans. We also reported overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and local control (LC). Results Tumors included low-grade gliomas (n=28), craniopharyngiomas (n=16) and ependymomas (n=8). The volumes of normal tissue receiving high (≥80% of prescription dose or ≥40 Gy) or intermediate (80%>dose≥50% of the prescription dose or 40Gy>dose≥25Gy) dose were significantly smaller with CK vs. IMRT plans (p less then 0.0001 for all comparisons). With a median follow-up of 3.7 (range 0.1-9.0) years, 3-year LC was 92% for all patients. Eight failures occurred one craniopharyngioma (marginal), two ependymomas (both in-field), and five low-grade gliomas (2 in-field, 1 marginal, and 2 distant). Conclusions Fractionated SRT using CK without target volume expansion appears to reduce the volume of irradiated tissue without majorly compromising local control in pediatric demarcated brain tumors. These results are hypothesis-generating and should be tested and validated in prospective studies.Background Immune treatments of multiple sclerosis (MS) can be classified in first-line and second-line approaches. While in both treatment efficacy is often not easy to assess in the short-term, treatment and illness beliefs may differ in first-line and second-line treated patients. The current study aimed to assess differential beliefs about medicine and illness perception between these groups based on the hypothesis that they are closely connected to adherence behaviour. Methods An online survey through the website of the German MS Society was performed investigating beliefs about immune treatments as well as the patients' illness perceptions with validated questionnaires. Demographic factors, disability and self-reported adherence rates were studied as moderator variables. Results In total, 630 patients participated. CID-1067700 price Data of 433 first-line treated and 192 second-line treated patients with MS (PwMS) were analysed. Necessity beliefs and also concerns beliefs were significantly higher in second-line treated PwMS (MANCOVA p =.001 and p =.006) and generally in patients with higher disability, while illness perception did not differ between groups. Self-assessed adherence rates were around 70% for oral treatments and injectables irrespective of first-line or second-line. Nonadherence was below 5% for infusion treatments. However, most patients reported only single omissions. Conclusion The current study reveals differential behavioural attitudes between first-line versus second-line-treated PwMS. However, follow-up studies are needed to further unravel the relationship between behavioural attitudes and treatment adherence.Oxidation of cardiolipin (CL) by cytochrome c (cytc) has been proposed to initiate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Domain-swapped dimer (DSD) conformations of cytc have been reported both by our laboratory and others. The DSD is an alternate conformer of cytc that could oxygenate CL early in apoptosis. We demonstrate here that the cytc DSD has a set of properties that would provide tighter regulation of the intrinsic pathway. We show that the human DSD is kinetically more stable than horse and yeast DSDs. Circular dichroism data indicate that the DSD has a less asymmetric heme environment, similar to that seen when the monomeric protein binds to CL vesicles at high lipid-to-protein ratios. The dimer undergoes the alkaline conformational transition near pH 7.0, 2.5 pH units lower than that of the monomer. Data from fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and fluorescence anisotropy suggest that the alkaline transition of the DSD may act as a switch from high affinity for CL nanodiscs at pH 7.4 to much lower affinity at pH 8.0. Additionally, the peroxidase activity of the human DSD increases seven-fold compared to the monomer at pH 7 and 8, but by 14-fold at pH 6 when mixed Met80/H2O ligation replaces the lysine ligation of the alkaline state. We also present data that indicate that cytc binding shows a cooperative effect as the concentration of cytc is increased. The DSD appears to have evolved into a pH-inducible switch that provides a means to control activation of apoptosis near pH 7.0.Due to the exponential growth of the number of subjects affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the entire Italian health care system had to respond promptly and in a very short time with the need of semi-intensive and intensive care units. Moreover, trained dedicated COVID-19 teams consisting of physicians were coming from different specialties (intensivists or pneumologists and infectiologists), while respiratory therapists and nurses have been recruited to work on and on without rest. However, due to still limited and evolving knowledge of COVID-19, there are few recommendations concerning the need in respiratory rehabilitation and physiotherapy interventions. The presentation of this paper is the result of a consensus promoted by the Italian societies of respiratory health care professionals who contacted pulmonologists directly involved in the treatment and rehabilitation of COVID-19. The aim was to formulate the more proper and common suggestions to be applied in different hospital settings in offering rehabilitative programs and physiotherapy workforce planning for COVID-19 patients. Two main areas of intervention were identified organization and treatment, which are described in this paper to face the emergency.Objective To identify the clinicopathological parameters that influence survival in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, in order to allow for the development of individualised surveillance programs and reduce the delay in diagnosis of recurrence. Materials and methods Retrospective chart review of 553 patients with a treatment-naïve primary oral squamous cell carcinoma, who underwent primarily curative intended surgery. Exclusion criteria were neoadjuvant radio(chemo)therapy, follow-up less then 1 year, perioperative death, inoperable disease, synchronous multiple malignancies and inadequate information on clinicopathological parameters. Results The clinicopathological factors that influence overall survival, disease free survival and locoregional control were calculated. In the multivariate survival analysis, the occurrence of recurrence, presence of extracapsular spread, T- and N-classification were shown to be independent risk factors for overall survival. Conclusion The identification of these risk factors can lead to the development of individualised follow-up programs based on risk stratification. This allows for the earliest possible diagnosis of relapse which is essential to offer the patient a realistic second treatment chance and to improve survival rates.Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although the exact pathogenesis remains unknown, the leading theory is that it results from immune system dysregulation. Approved disease-modifying therapy appears to modulate the immune system to improve MS-related outcomes. There is substantial interest in the ability of dietary interventions to influence MS-related outcomes. This is an update of the Cochrane Review 'Dietary interventions for multiple sclerosis' (Farinotti 2003; Farinotti 2007; Farinotti 2012). Objectives To assess the effects of dietary interventions (including dietary plans with recommendations for specific whole foods, macronutrients, and natural health products) compared to placebo or another intervention on health outcomes (including MS-related outcomes and serious adverse events) in people with MS. Search methods On 30 May 2019, we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov, World Health O2 participants; 3% in the antioxidant group versus 4% in the placebo group; low-certainty evidence). Authors' conclusions There are a variety of controlled trials addressing the effects of dietary interventions for MS with substantial variation in active treatment, comparator, and outcomes of interest. PUFA administration may not differ when compared to alternatives with regards to relapse rate, disability worsening, or overall clinical status in people with MS, but evidence is uncertain. Similarly, at present, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether supplementation with antioxidants or other dietary interventions have any impact on MS-related outcomes.Following arm amputation the region that represented the missing hand in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) becomes deprived of its primary input, resulting in changed boundaries of the S1 body map. This remapping process has been termed 'reorganisation' and has been attributed to multiple mechanisms, including increased expression of previously masked inputs. In a maladaptive plasticity model, such reorganisation has been associated with phantom limb pain (PLP). Brain activity associated with phantom hand movements is also correlated with PLP, suggesting that preserved limb functional representation may serve as a complementary process. Here we review some of the most recent evidence for the potential drivers and consequences of brain (re)organisation following amputation, based on human neuroimaging. We emphasise other perceptual and behavioural factors consequential to arm amputation, such as non-painful phantom sensations, perceived limb ownership, intact hand compensatory behaviour or prosthesis use, which have also been related to both cortical changes and PLP. We also discuss new findings based on interventions designed to alter the brain representation of the phantom limb, including augmented/virtual reality applications and brain computer interfaces. These studies point to a close interaction of sensory changes and alterations in brain regions involved in body representation, pain processing and motor control. Finally, we review recent evidence based on methodological advances such as high field neuroimaging and multivariate techniques that provide new opportunities to interrogate somatosensory representations in the missing hand cortical territory. Collectively, this research highlights the need to consider potential contributions of additional brain mechanisms, beyond S1 remapping, and the dynamic interplay of contextual factors with brain changes for understanding and alleviating PLP.