Burtonhaastrup5542

Three different composites were produced, based on zinc oxide and biochar (ZnO/biochar), varying the type of biomass (Salvinia molesta SM; exhausted husk of black wattle EH; and sugarcane bagasse SB), with pyrolysis under mild conditions at 350 and 450 °C. Evaluation was made of the capacities of the composites for photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole antibiotic (SMX) and methyl orange dye (MO). The properties of the prepared composites were influenced by the biomass source, with larger crystallite size (SB), lower band gap energy (SM), higher specific surface area (SB), and larger pore size (SM) resulting in higher photocatalytic efficiency. Good degradation results were obtained using these innovative photocatalysts prepared at low temperatures, when compared to ZnO/biochar materials reported in previous studies. The best degradation capacities were obtained for the composites produced at 450 °C from SB and SM, with 99.3 and 97% degradation of SMX after 45 min, and 90.8 and 88.3% degradation of MO after 120 min, respectively.Urine wastewater is used as fuel in microbial fuel cells to generate power for several applications. However, the knowledge on the removal efficiencies of pollutants and bacterial composition of electrode biofilm is still lacking. In this study, two air-exposed biocathode microbial fuel cells (AEB-MFCs) were constructed and some nitrogen-removing consortium were inoculated to fabricate multifunctional AEBs for urine treatment and energy recovery. Results demonstrated that urine wastewater can be degraded through one-pot degradation without positive aeration. The removal efficiencies of NH4+-N, total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand reached 86.8% ± 1.5%, 62.7% ± 2.3%, and 52.7% ± 1.6% respectively. Cyclic voltammetry illustrated several catalytic activities related to C/N metabolism occurred in both biofilms and varied with the operation continuing in a single stable cycle. In addition, the community structure analysis revealed that many active microorganisms, including nitrogen-removing bacteria, heterotrophs, and electrochemically active bacteria were enriched in both electrodes, especially many halophilic nitrifiers/denitrifiers occupied in AEBs and directed the system toward the integrated pathways of halophilic nitrogen removal and energy recovery. AP1903 This study presented a novel method for the energy conversion and effective degradation of urine, which can serve as a promising technology for urine wastewater treatment.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature variability on rotavirus infections among children under 5years of age in Kathmandu, Nepal. Findings may inform infection control planning, especially in relation to the role of environmental factors in the transmission of rotavirus infection.

Generalized linear Poisson regression equations with distributed lag non-linear model were fitted to estimate the effect of temperature (maximum, mean and minimum) variation on weekly counts of rotavirus infections among children under 5years of age living in Kathmandu, Nepal, over the study period (2013 to 2016). Seasonality and long-term effects were adjusted in the model using Fourier terms up to the seventh harmonic and a time function, respectively. We further adjusted the model for the confounding effects of rainfall and relative humidity.

During the study period, a total of 733 cases of rotavirus infection were recorded, with a mean of 3 cases per week. We detected an inverse non-linear association timated between rotavirus incidence and all three indices of temperature, indicating a higher risk of infection during the cooler times of the year, and suggesting that transmission of rotavirus in Kathmandu, Nepal may be influenced by temperature.The global prevalence of microplastics (MPs) poses a potential threat and unpredictable risk to the function and health of environmental systems. However, the research progress of soil MPs is restricted by the inherent technical inconformity and difficulties in analyzing particles in complex matrices. Here, we reviewed a selection of papers and then extrapolated a tentative standardized method for such analyses. The multiple sources of soil MPs in soil need to be quantified. Global monitoring data of soil MPs is far from sufficient. The interaction between MPs and different properties and environmental factors controls the migration and retention of MPs in soil. The migration behavior and key mechanisms of MPs in real-world environments remain to be determined. The presence of MPs threatens soil microbial-plant-animal ecosystem function and health, and may enter the human body through the food chain, although the extent of these hazards is currently debated. In particular, attention should be paid to the potential transport and ecotoxicological mechanisms of contaminants derived and adsorptive from MPs and of harmful microorganisms (such as pathogens) attached as biofilms. Although there exist preliminary studies on soil MPs, it is urgent to consider the diversity of MPs as a suite of contaminants and to systematically understand the sources, flux and effects of these artificial pollutants in time and space from the perspective of plastic environmental cycle. More comprehensive quantification of their environmental fate is undertaken to identify risks to global human and ecological systems. From the perspective of controlling soil MP pollution, the responsibility assignment of government manage-producer-consumer system and the strategy of remediation should be implemented. This review is helpful for providing an important roadmap and inspiration for the research methods and framework of soil MPs and facilitates the development of waste management and remediation strategies for regional soil MP contamination.The thermal structure in reservoirs affects the development of aquatic ecosystems, and can be substantially influenced by climate change and management strategies. We applied a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to explore the response of the thermal structure in Germany's largest drinking water reservoir, Rappbode Reservoir, to future climate projections and different water withdrawal strategies. We used projections for representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6, 6.0 and 8.5 from an ensemble of 4 different global climate models. Simulation results showed that epilimnetic water temperatures in the reservoir strongly increased under all three climate scenarios. Hypolimnetic temperatures remained rather constant under RCP 2.6 and RCP 6.0 but increased markedly under RCP 8.5. Under the intense warming in RCP 8.5, hypolimnion temperatures were projected to rise from 5 °C to 8 °C by the end of the century. Stratification in the reservoir was projected to be more stable under RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5, but did not show significant changes under RCP 2.