Burnspham5349

To evaluate the success of olfactory training in patients with olfactory loss and olfactory bulb (OB) atrophy detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other characteristics.

This study included 48 patients with olfactory loss who underwent a nasal endoscopic examination and MRI before olfactory training. The Korean Version of the Sniffin' Sticks Test was performed before and after training. The olfactory training success was defined as an improvement of more than 6 points in the Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (TDI) score. Patient characteristics and OB atrophy pre-training were compared between successful and unsuccessful groups.

The etiology of olfactory loss included respiratory viral infection in 30 (62.5%), trauma in 10 (20.8%), and idiopathic loss in 8 (16.7%) patients. Twenty-three (47.9%) of 48 patients exhibited successful olfactory training. Etiology, age, gender, and symptom duration were not different between unsuccessful and successful groups. Pre-training discrimination, identification, and TDI scores were significantly different between unsuccessful and successful groups (P < 0.05). Success rate of patients with bilateral OB atrophy was significantly lower than that of patients with unilateral OB atrophy and normal morphology (P = 0.006). OB height was significantly lower in the unsuccessful group than in the successful group (P < 0.05). Bilateral OB atrophy was an independent risk factor for failure of olfactory training according to the multivariate analysis.

Olfactory loss patients with bilateral OB atrophy may not be able to improve olfactory function after olfactory training.

Olfactory loss patients with bilateral OB atrophy may not be able to improve olfactory function after olfactory training.Undoubtedly, various kinds of nanomaterials are of great significance due to their enormous applications in diverse areas. selleck kinase inhibitor The structure and productivity of nanomaterials are heavily dependent on the process used for their synthesis. The synthesizing process plays a vital role in shaping nanomaterials effectively for better productivity. The conventional method requires expensive and massive thermal instruments, a huge volume of reagents. This paper aims to develop an Automatic Miniaturized Temperature Controller (AMTC) device for the synthesis of nickel oxide (NiO), copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, and nanomicelles. The device features a low-cost, miniaturized, easy-to-operate with plug-and-play power source, precise temperature control, and geotagged real-time data logging facility for the producing nanoparticles. With a temperature accuracy of ± 2 °C, NiO and CuO nanoparticles, and nanomicelles are synthesized on AMTC device, and are subjected to different characterizations to analyze their morphological structure. The obtained mean size of NiO and CuO is 27.14 nm and 85.13 nm respectively. As a proof-of-principle, the synthesized NiO and CuO nanomaterials are validated for electrochemical sensing of dopamine, hydrazine, and uric acid. Furthermore, the study is conducted, wherein, Dexamethasone (Dex) loaded nanomicelles are developed using AMTC device and compared to the conventional thin-film hydration method. Subsequently, as a proof-of-application, the developed nanomicelles are evaluated for transcorneal penetration using exvivo goat cornea model. link2 Ultimately, the proposed device can be utilized for performing a variety of controlled thermal reactions on a minuscule platform with an integrated and miniaturized approach for various applications.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, compulsory masks became an integral part of outdoor sports such as jogging in crowded areas (e.g. city parks) as well as indoor sports in gyms and sports centers. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of medical face masks on performance and cardiorespiratory parameters in athletes.

In a randomized, cross-over design, 16 well-trained athletes (age 27 ± 7years, peak oxygen consumption 56.2 ± 5.6mlkg

min

, maximum performance 5.1 ± 0.5 Wattkg

) underwent three stepwise incremental exercise tests to exhaustion without mask (NM), with surgical mask (SM) and FFP2 mask (FFP2). Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses were monitored by spiroergometry and blood lactate (BLa) testing throughout the tests.

There was a large effect of masks on performance with a significant reduction of maximum performance with SM (355 ± 41 Watt) and FFP2 (364 ± 43 Watt) compared to NM (377 ± 40 Watt), respectively (p < 0.001; ηp

 = 0.50). A large interaction effect with a reduction of both oxygen consumption (p < 0.001; ηp

 = 0.34) and minute ventilation (p < 0.001; ηp

 = 0.39) was observed. At the termination of the test with SM 11 of 16 subjects reported acute dyspnea from the suction of the wet and deformed mask. No difference in performance was observed at the individual anaerobic threshold (p = 0.90).

Both SM and to a lesser extent FFP2 were associated with reduced maximum performance, minute ventilation, and oxygen consumption. For strenuous anaerobic exercise, an FFP2 mask may be preferred over an SM.

Both SM and to a lesser extent FFP2 were associated with reduced maximum performance, minute ventilation, and oxygen consumption. For strenuous anaerobic exercise, an FFP2 mask may be preferred over an SM.

Double transgenic tomato developed by AtDREB1A and BcZAT12 genes pyramiding showed significant drought tolerance by reducing oxidative stress with enhanced yield. Although a large number of efforts have been made by different researchers to develop abiotic stress tolerance tomato for improving yield using single gene, however, no reports are available which targets AtDREB1 and BcZAT12 genes together. Hence, in the present study, double transgenic plants were developed using AtDREB1 and BcZAT12 genes to improve yield potential with better drought tolerance. Double transgenic (DZ1-DZ5) tomato lines showed enhanced drought tolerance than their counterpart non-transgenic and single transgenic plants at 0, 07, 14, and 21days of water deficit, respectively. Double transgenic plants showed increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and guhibited more enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidative activities as compared to the non-transgenic and single transgenic control, respectively. This is the preliminary report in tomato, which forms the basis for a multigene transgenic approach to cope with drought stress.

Chronic hydrocephalus is rarely seen in developed countries due to the widespread availability of CT scans for diagnosis and early treatment. In developingcountries, it is more frequently encountered along with its rare complication of diverticulum formation.

We report a case of a previously healthy 6 year old girl who presented with a 10 day history of headache, 3 day history of drowsiness and a single episode ofgeneralized tonic clonic seizures. We review the literature on such cases and include imagining studies at follow up.

A CT scan done outside our hospital had been reported to be demonstrating a posterior fossa arachnoid cyst with resultant obstructive hydrocephalus. Wefirst placed an external ventricular drain and performed an MRI of the brain to further characterize the lesion. It was again reported as an arachnoid cyst buton further scrutiny it was appreciated that it was in fact a third ventricular diverticulum of the suprapineal recess. She underwent ventriculoperitoneal shuntplacement which led to resolution of the hydrocephalus as well as the diverticulum.

These diverticulae develop secondary to ventricular rupture in the setting of chronic untreated hydrocephalus. This pathology was first described in 1940and over the years its identification has decreased due to a much lower incidence of chronic untreated hydrocephalus.

These diverticulae develop secondary to ventricular rupture in the setting of chronic untreated hydrocephalus. link3 This pathology was first described in 1940 and over the years its identification has decreased due to a much lower incidence of chronic untreated hydrocephalus.Several N-vinyl compounds are produced in high volumes and are widely employed in the production of copolymers and polymers used in chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industry. Hence, information on their genotoxicity and carcinogenicity is requisite. This review presents hitherto available information on the carcinogenicity and genotoxicity of N-vinyl compounds as well as their metabolism potentially generating genotoxic and carcinogenic derivatives. The genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of the investigated N-vinyl compounds vary widely from no observed carcinogenicity tested in lifetime bioassays in two rodent species (up to very high doses) to carcinogenicity in rats at very low doses in the absence of apparent genotoxicity. Despite of the presence of the vinyl group potentially metabolized to an epoxide followed by covalent binding to DNA, genotoxicity was observed for only one of the considered N-vinyl compounds, N-vinyl carbazole. Carcinogenicity was investigated only for two, of which one, N-vinyl pyrrolidone was carcinogenic (but not genotoxic) and ranitidine was neither carcinogenic nor genotoxic. As far as investigated, neither a metabolically formed epoxide nor a therefrom derived diol has been reported for any of the considered N-vinyl compounds. It is concluded that the information collected in this review will further the understanding of the carcinogenic potentials of N-vinyl compounds and may eventually allow approaching their prediction and prevention. A suggestion how to prevent genotoxicity in designing of N-vinyl compounds is presented. However, the available information is scarce and further research especially on the metabolism of N-vinyl compounds is highly desirable.

Overexpression of Zea mays SOC gene promotes flowering, reduces plant height, and leads to no reduction in grain production per plant, suggesting enhanced yield potential, at least, through increasing planting density. MIKC-type MADS-box gene SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) is an integrator conserved in the plant flowering pathway. In this study, the maize SOC1 (ZmSOC1) gene was cloned and overexpressed in transgenic maize Hi-II genotype. The T

plants were backcrossed with nontransgenic inbred B73 to produce first generation backcross (BC

) seeds. Phenotyping of both transgenic and null segregant (NT) BC

plants was conducted in three independent experiments. The BC

transgenic plants showed new attributes such as increased vegetative growth, accelerated flowering time, reduced overall plant height, and increased grain weight. Second generation backcross (BC

) plants were evaluated in the field using two planting densities. Compared to BC

NT plants, BC

transgenic plants, were 12-e genes responsible for the reduced plant height. Modulating expression of SOC1 opens a new and effective approach to promote flowering and reduce plant height, which may have potential to enhance crop yield and improve grain quality.