Burnhamsilverman1968

Analysis of microbial community composition confirmed the presence of several phyla known to harbor microorganisms associated with Hg(II) methylation in the soils. The observations suggest that SRB and methanogens were mainly responsible for Hg(II) methylation in these tundra soils, although their relative contributions depended on the availability of sulfate and possibly syntrophic metabolisms between SRB and methanogens.Salinity stress seriously threatens agricultural productivity and food security worldwide. This work reports on the mechanisms of alleviating salinity stress by cerium oxide nanomaterials (CeO2 NMs) in maize (Zea may L.). Soil-grown maize plants were irrigated with deionized water or 100 mM NaCl solution as the control or the salinity stress treatment. CeO2 NMs (1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg/L) with antioxidative enzyme mimicking activities were foliarly applied on maize leaves for 7 days. The morphological, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic responses of maize were evaluated. Specifically, salinity stress significantly reduced 59.0% and 63.8% in maize fresh and dry biomass, respectively. CeO2 NMs at 10, 20, and 50 mg/L improved the salt tolerance of maize by 69.5%, 69.1%, and 86.8%, respectively. Also, 10 mg/L CeO2 NMs maintained Na+/K+ homeostasis, enhanced photosynthetic efficiency by 30.8%, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by 58.5% in salt-stressed maize leaves. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the antioxidative defense system-related genes recovered to the normal control level after CeO2 NMs application, indicating that CeO2 NMs eliminated ROS through their intrinsic antioxidative enzyme properties. The down-regulation of genes related to lignin synthesis in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway accelerated leaf cell elongation. In addition, CeO2 NMs increased the rhizobacteria richness and diversity through the increment of carbon source in root exudates and improved the abundance of halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (HT-PGPR). Importantly, the yield of salt-stressed maize was enhanced by 293.3% after 10 mg/L CeO2 NMs foliar application. These results will provide new insights for the application of CeO2 NMs in management to reduce the salinity-caused crop loss.Biochar modification by metal/metal oxide is promising for improving its adsorption capability for contaminants, especially the anions. However, conventional chemical modifications are complicated and costly. In this study, novel Fe/Fe oxide loaded biochars (RMBCs) were synthesized from a one-step co-pyrolysis of red mud (RM) and shaddock peel (SP), and their potential application for removing anionic azo dye (acid orange 7, AO7) from the aqueous environment was evaluated. Fe from red mud was successfully loaded onto biochars pyrolyzed at 300-800 °C, which presented from oxidation form (Fe2O3) to the reduction forms (FeO and Fe0) with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The RMBC produced at 800 °C with RMSP mass ratio of 11 (RMBC80011) exhibited the best capability for AO7 removal (∼32 mg/g), attributed to both adsorption and degradation. The higher surface area of RMBC80011 and its greater affinity for AO7 led to the higher adsorption. In addition, RMBC80011-induced degradation of AO7 was another key mechanism for AO7 removal. The reduction forms of Fe (FeO or Fe0) in RMBC80011 may provide electrons for breaking down the azo bond in AO7 molecules and result in degradation, which is further enhanced in acid conditions due to the participation of readily release of Fe2+ and the available H+ in AO7 degradation. Furthermore, RMBC80011 can be easily separated from the treated water by using magnetic field, which significantly benefits its separation in wastewater treatment.The coexistence of nitrate and endocrine substances (EDCs) in groundwater is of global concern. Herein, an efficient and stable polypyrrole@corn cob (PPy@Corn cob) bioreactor immobilized with Zoogloea sp. was designed for the simultaneous removal of 17β-estradiol (E2), nitrate and Mn(II). After 225 days of continuous operation, the optimal operating parameters and enhanced removal mechanism were explored, also the long-term toxicity and microbial communities response mechanisms under E2 stress were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of E2, nitrate, and Mn(II) were 84.21, 82.96, and 47.91%, respectively, at the optimal operating conditions with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h, pH of 6.5 and Mn(II) concentration of 20 mg L-1. Further increased of initial E2 (2 and 3 mg L-1) resulted in the inhibiting effect of denitrification and manganese oxidation, but excellent E2 removal efficiencies maintained, which were associated with the formation and continuous accumulation of biomanganese oxides (BMO). Characterization analysis of biological precipitation demonstrated that adsorption and redox conversion on the BMO surface played key roles in the removal of E2. In addition, different levels of E2 exposure are decisive factors in community evolution, and bioaugmented bacterial communities with Zoogloea as the core group can dynamically adapt to E2 stress. This study offers the possibility to better utilize microbial metabolism and to advance opportunities that depend on microbial physiology and material characterization applications.

We investigated the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, and the 2-year prognosis based on antiplatelet therapy.

This is a prospective and multicenter registry including hospitalized ACS patients. Clinical management and antiplatelet therapy at discharge were recorded. Bleeding events, all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were recorded during 2-years and compared according to DM and the P2Y

receptor inhibitor.

From 1717 ACS patients, 653 (38%) had DM. Diabetic patients were older, more commonly females, with higher prevalence of comorbidities and more conservative management. After excluding antiplatelet monotherapy or oral anticoagulation, clopidogrel was prescribed in 59.6% of DM patients. Cox regression analysis showed that DM was an independent risk factor for MACE (aHR 1.39, 95% CI 1.05-1.83). The use of clopidogrel instead of ticagrelor/prasugrel was also independently associated with MACE (aHR 1.71, 95% CI 1.11-2.63), and all-cause mortality (aHR 2.47, 95% CI 1.23-4.96) in diabetic patients (log-rank p-values<0.001).

In ACS patients, DM was associated with higher risk of MACE. In such patients, the use of ticagrelor/prasugrel reduced MACE and mortality compared to clopidogrel. Novel P2Y

receptor inhibitors might be used as the first therapeutic choice in these high-risk patients.

In ACS patients, DM was associated with higher risk of MACE. In such patients, the use of ticagrelor/prasugrel reduced MACE and mortality compared to clopidogrel. Novel P2Y12 receptor inhibitors might be used as the first therapeutic choice in these high-risk patients.

To investigate the predictive values of the new metabolic health (MH) definition for future diabetes in a nonobese Chinese population, compared with the MH definition from metabolic syndrome (MetS).

The data were collected in 1992 and then again in 2007 from the same group of 653 participants. The risk assessment of the new MH definition and the MH definition from MetS for future diabetes was performed by Cox regression analysis with overlap weighting as the primary analysis.

During the follow-up, 62 participants were diagnosed with diabetes. In the primary analysis with overlap weighting, there was no significant association between new MH and diabetes (HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.45-2.78, p=0.803); conversely, based on the MH definition from MetS, the participants with MH were less likely to have had diabetes than the participants with MUHs (HR 0.41; 95% CI 0.22-0.78, p=0.007). Furthermore, other analysis methods also confirmed the reproducibility of abovementioned results. In addition, sensitivity analysis excluding participants with prediabetes also demonstrated similar results with the primary analysis.

In contrast to the previous MH definition from MetS, the new MH definition was not a reliable predictor for future diabetes in the nonobese Chinese population.

In contrast to the previous MH definition from MetS, the new MH definition was not a reliable predictor for future diabetes in the nonobese Chinese population.

This survey aimed to evaluate the current management and screening of coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Europe, utilizing the 2013 ESC/EASD (European Society of Cardiology/European Association for the Study of Diabetes) guidelines as a benchmark.

The PADDIA/CADDIA survey is a European medical research collaboration targeting cardiologists, vascular physicians, diabetologists and general practitioners from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and United Kingdom.

The questionnaire was completed by sixty-three physicians, of whom 75% declared assessing the cardiovascular risk of people with T2DM mostly without using a risk score (59%). More than 90% of the panel, check HbA1c, blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets in their patients with T2DM and coronary or peripheral artery disease. For 94% the presence of T2DM influence their patients' management, by optimizing blood glucose, blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control. Only 37% considered screening for lower extremity peripheral artery disease among their T2DM patients and 35% among those with cardiovascular disease.

Physicians mostly follow the ESC/EASD 2013 guidelines, but when it comes to screening for additional conditions including coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease, or intensifying the antithrombotic regimen there is need for better guidance.

Physicians mostly follow the ESC/EASD 2013 guidelines, but when it comes to screening for additional conditions including coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease, or intensifying the antithrombotic regimen there is need for better guidance.

To assess prevalence of, and factors associated with, medication adherence of young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes.

Oral hypoglycaemia agent (OHA) adherence was measured with unannounced telephone pill counts, insulin adherence was self-reported. Those taking≥80% of pills/insulin were classified "high-adherent," <80% of pills/insulin "low-adherent." Analyses included unadjusted, and adjusted linear and logistic regressions assessing associations of participant factors with adherence.

For people taking OHAs (N=212, mean age 26 yrs, 67% women, 18% non-Hispanic White, 35% non-Hispanic Black, 41% Hispanic), 69.8% were low-adherent. HbA1c was lower in the high-adherent group (9.2%/77mmol/mol vs. 10.0%/86mmol/mol, p<0.04). More non-Hispanic Blacks were low-adherent (85.7%) than Hispanics (60.2%) and non-Hispanic whites (55.3%, p<0.002); 91.4% of participants without healthcare coverage were low-adherent vs. 65.5% of those with coverage (p<0.004). After adjustment, gender (p=0.024), race/ethnicity (p<0.001) and healthcare coverage (p=0.001) remained related to OHA adherence. For insulin (N=192), 37% were low-adherent. HbA1c was associated with insulin adherence (low=11.2%/99mmol/mol vs. high=10.0%/86mmol/mol, p<0.001) with and without adjustment.

Young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes, especially females, non-Hispanic Blacks and those without healthcare coverage, commonly had low-OHA adherence. STC-15 Histone Methyltransferase inhibitor Glycaemic control was also poor. Interventions to improve medication adherence are needed for this vulnerable group.

Young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes, especially females, non-Hispanic Blacks and those without healthcare coverage, commonly had low-OHA adherence. Glycaemic control was also poor. Interventions to improve medication adherence are needed for this vulnerable group.