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r studies should examine whether the observed gender differences in EC use reasons and product characteristics are predictive of smoking cessation. Furthermore, studies monitoring gender-based marketing of ECs may be considered.

Our findings provide some evidence of gender differences in reasons for vaping and characteristics of EC used. The most common reason for vaping reported by females was "less harmful to others," which may reflect greater concern by female vapers about the adverse effects of secondhand smoke compared with male vapers. Gender differences might be considered when designing gender-sensitive smoking cessation policies. Regarding characteristics of EC products used, we found gender differences in preferences for e-liquid nicotine strength and device capacity. Further studies should examine whether the observed gender differences in EC use reasons and product characteristics are predictive of smoking cessation. Furthermore, studies monitoring gender-based marketing of ECs may be considered.

Frailty prevention is one of social prescriptions for an aging society. That requires community level intervention.

This study examined frailty checkup supporters' (FCSs') intentions to engage in human-resource development and training activities (i.e., leadership activities) and related factors.

Cross-sectional study.

Three municipalities in suburban area, Eastern Japan.

Forty-five of 59 FCSs completed anonymous self-administered questionnaires.

Questionnaire sought information regarding their sociodemographic data, their perceptions and experiences of FCS activities, and their intentions to participate in human-resource development and training activities. Participants were divided into a high intention (HI) and low intention group (LI). The two groups were compared using quantitative and qualitative data.

Eleven FCSs reported intending to engage in leader-related activities. Factors associated with FCSs' intentions were finding FCS activities rewarding and the willingness to continue performisuch activities.

To assess the prevalence of intra-hospital mortality and associated risk factors in older people aged 75+, admitted with blood stream infections (BSI).

Single center retrospective study performed in an 850-bed of the academic hospital of the Université Libre de Bruxelles.

From January 2015 to December 2017, all inpatients over 75 years old admitted with BSI were included.

Demographical, clinical and microbiological data were collected.

212 patients were included median age was 82 [79-85] years and 60 % were female. The in-hospital mortality rate was 19%. The majority of microorganisms were Gram-negative strains, of which Escherichia coli was the most common, and urinary tract infection was the most common origin of BSI. Compared to patients who survived, the non-survivor group had a higher SOFA score (6 versus 3, p<0.0001), a higher comorbidity score (5 versus 4, p<0.0001), more respiratory tract infections (28 vs 6 %, p < 0.0001) and fungal infections (5 vs 1 %, p = 0.033), bedridden status (60 vs 25 %, p < 0.0001), and healthcare related infections (60 vs 40 %, p = 0.019). Using Cox multivariable regression analysis, only SOFA score was independently associated with mortality (HR 1.75 [95%IC 1.52-2.03], p<0.0001).

BSI in older people are severe infections associated with a significant in-hospital mortality. TWS119 Severity of clinical presentation at onset remains the most important predictor of mortality for BSI in older people. BSI originating from respiratory source and bedridden patients are at greater risk of intra-hospital mortality. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.

BSI in older people are severe infections associated with a significant in-hospital mortality. Severity of clinical presentation at onset remains the most important predictor of mortality for BSI in older people. BSI originating from respiratory source and bedridden patients are at greater risk of intra-hospital mortality. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.

90-day mortality and rehospitalizations are important hospital quality metrics. Biomarkers that predict these outcomes among malnourished hospitalized patients could identify those at risk and help direct care plans.

To identify biomarkers that predict 90-day (primary) and 30-day (secondary) mortality or nonelective rehospitalization.

An analysis of the ability of biomarkers to predict 90- and 30-day mortality and rehospitalization among malnourished hospitalized patients.

52 blood biomarkers were measured in 193 participants in NOURISH, a randomized trial that determined the effects of a nutritional supplement on 90-day readmission and death in patients >65 years. Composite outcomes were defined as readmission or death over 90-days or 30-days. Univariate Cox Proportional Hazards models were used to select best predictors of outcomes. Markers with the strongest association were included in multivariate stepwise regression. Final model of hospital readmission or death was derived using stepwise selenostication of malnourished hospitalized patients and guiding in-hospital care.

Baseline glutamate, hydroxyproline, and tau-methylhistidine levels, along with sex and age, predict risk of 90-day mortality and nonelective readmission in malnourished hospitalized older patients. This biomarker set should be further validated in prospective studies and could be useful in prognostication of malnourished hospitalized patients and guiding in-hospital care.

Early detection of frail older people is important. Timely intervention may allow health care professionals to prevent or delay the occurrence of adverse outcomes such as disability, increases in health care utilization, and premature death.

We assessed the construct and criterion validity of the SUNFRAIL tool, a questionnaire for measuring frailty among older people.

This cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of Dutch citizens. A total of 195 community-dwelling persons aged 71 years and older completed the questionnaire.

Construct validity was examined by determining the correlation between the SUNFRAIL tool and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI). Criterion validity for the SUNFRAIL tool was determined by establishing the correlations with chronic diseases and adverse outcomes of frailty (disability, falls, indicators of health care utilization). Disability was measured using the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale. Participants also answered questions regarding falls and health care utice because it takes little time for health care professionals and older people to complete the questionnaire, and it expresses the integral functioning of human beings.

It is known that maintenance of muscle mass cannot prevent loss of muscle strength in older adults. Recent evidence suggests that fat mass can weaken the relationship between muscle mass and functional performance. No information exists if fat mass can independently affect muscle strength and jump test performance in middle-aged and older adults.

To assess the independent relationships between fat mass, leg muscle mass, lower extremity muscle strength, and jump test performance in adults, 55-75 years of age.

Cross-sectional.

University laboratory.

Fifty-nine older adults (men, n = 27, age = 64.8 ± 6.5 years; women, n = 32, age = 62.5 ± 5.1 years) participated in this study.

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure fat mass and leg muscle mass. An average of 3 maximal countermovement jumps was used to calculate jump power and jump height. Two leg press and hip abduction strength were assessed by 1-repetition maximum testing.

Stepwise sequential regression analysis of fat mass and leg muscle mass versus jump test performance and measures of muscle strength after adjusting for age, height, and physical activity revealed that fat mass was negatively associated with jump height (p = 0.047, rpartial = -0.410) in men. In women, fat mass was negatively associated with jump height (p = 0.003, rpartial = -0.538), leg press (p = 0.002, rpartial = -0.544), and hip abduction strength (p < 0.001, rpartial = -0.661). Leg muscle mass was positively associated with jump power in women (p = 0.047, rpartial = 0.372) only.

Fat mass has an independent negative relationship with jump test performance in middle-aged and older men and women. This has clinical implications for rehabilitating neuromuscular performance in middle-aged and older adults.

Fat mass has an independent negative relationship with jump test performance in middle-aged and older men and women. This has clinical implications for rehabilitating neuromuscular performance in middle-aged and older adults.

The present study aimed at investigating the prevalence of prefrailty and frailty in South American older adults according to the setting and region.

A literature search combining the terms "frailty", "South America" or a specific country name was performed on PubMed, EMBASE, Lilacs, and Scielo to retrieve articles published in English, Portuguese or Spanish on or before August 2019.

Older adults aged 60+ years from any setting classified as frail according to a validated scale were included in the study.

Frailty assessment by a validated scale.

One-hundred eighteen reports (98 performed from Brazil, seven from Chile, five from Peru, four from Colombia, two from Ecuador, one from Argentina, and one from Venezuela) were included in the study. The mean prevalence of prefrailty in South America was 46.8% (50.7% in older in-patients, 47.6% in the community, and 29.8% in nursing-home residents). link2 The mean prevalence of frailty in South America was 21.7% (55.8% in nursing-home residents, 39.1% in hospitalicific guidelines for the management of frailty in South America.

Aging results in adaptations which may affect the control of motor units.

We sought to determine if younger and older men recruit motor units at similar force levels.

Cross-sectional, between-subjects design.

Controlled laboratory setting.

Twelve younger (age = 25 ± 3 years) and twelve older (age = 75 ± 8 years) men.

Participants performed isometric contractions of the dominant knee extensors at a force level corresponding to 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Bipolar surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were detected from the vastus lateralis. A surface EMG signal decomposition algorithm was used to quantify the recruitment threshold of each motor unit, which was defined as the force level corresponding to the first firing. Recruitment thresholds were expressed in both relative (% MVC) and absolute (N) terms. To further understand age-related differences in motor unit control, we examined the mean firing rate versus recruitment threshold relationship at steady force.

MVC force was greaor denervation and subsequent re-innervation in aged muscle.Correction for 'Light-triggered explosion of lipid vesicles' by Vinit Kumar Malik et al., Soft Matter, 2020, DOI 10.1039/d0sm01027h.Impaired skin regeneration in chronic wounds like in diabetes corresponds to high oxidative stress, poor angiogenesis and insufficient collagen hyperplasia. Therefore, a multifaceted strategy for treatment is required to address critical issues associated with chronic wound healing. link3 Fascinating application of nanomaterials in chronic wounds is still limited; hence, in the present work bioactive solubilized decellularized dermal matrix (sADM) was employed to form a hydrogel with chitosan (CTS) at physiological pH/temperature and modified with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging carbon nanodots (ND). A detailed in vitro investigation found that the ND modified bioactive hydrogel (CsADMND) is suitable for human amniotic membrane derived stem cell (hAMSC) delivery. Also, CsADMND was observed to possess a good ROS scavenging property, hemocompatibility and pro-angiogenic potential as demonstrated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), haemolysis and chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, respectively. The hybrid hydrogel promoted migration of cells in vitro in scratch assay owing to its antioxidant potential and the presence of bioactive moieties.