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30 mg/kg), and with a different extent (2 vs. 21 days post-treatment); (3) cannabidiol did not modulate anxiety-like behavior at any dose tested in adolescent or adult rats; and (4) cannabidiol increased sucrose intake in adult rats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the notion that cannabidiol exerts antidepressant- and anorexigenic-like effects in adult rats and demonstrate a decreased potential when administered in adolescent rats. Moreover, since cannabidiol did not modulate hippocampal neurogenesis (cell proliferation and early neuronal survival) in adolescent or adult rats, the results revealed potential antidepressant-like effects induced by cannabidiol without the need of regulating hippocampal neurogenesis.Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with metastatic lesions have low 5-year survival rates. During metastasis, cancer cells often obtain unique characteristics such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Vimentin a biomarker contributes to EMT by changing cell shape and motility. Since abnormal phosphorylation is a hallmark of malignancy, targeting phosphorylated vimentin is a feasible approach for the treatment of metastatic tumors while sparing non-tumor cells. Recent evidence has revealed that both CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and also CD4 helper T lymphocytes (HTLs) can distinguish post-translationally modified antigens from normal antigens. Here, we showed that the expression of phosphorylated vimentin was upregulated in metastatic sites of CRC. We also showed that a chemotherapeutic reagent augmented the expression of phosphorylated vimentin. The novel phosphorylated helper peptide epitopes from vimentin could elicit a sufficient T cell response. Notably, precursor lymphocytes that specifically reacted to these phosphorylated vimentin-derived peptides were detected in CRC patients. These results suggest that immunotherapy targeting phosphorylated vimentin could be promising for metastatic CRC patients.Persistent and mobile water contaminants are rapidly developing into a focal point of environmental chemistry and chemical regulation. Their defining parameter that sets them apart from the majority of regularly monitored and regulated contaminants is their mobility in the aquatic environment, which is intrinsically tied to a high polarity. This high polarity, however, may have severe implications in the analytical process and thus the most polar of these mobile contaminants may not be covered by widely utilized trace-analytical methods, and thus, alternatives are required. In this review, we infer the physical and chemical properties of mobile water contaminants from a set of almost 1800 prioritized REACH chemicals and discuss the implications these substance properties may have on four integral steps of the analytical process sampling and sample storage, sample pre-treatment, separation and detection. We discuss alternatives to widely utilized trace-analytical methods, examine their application range and limitations, highlight potential analytical techniques on the horizon and emphasize research areas we believe still offer the most room for further improvement. While we have a comprehensive set of analytical methods to cover a large portion of the known mobile chemicals, these methods are still only infrequently utilized. Graphical abstract.BACKGROUND For ICD-11, the WHO emphasized the clinical utility of communication and the need to involve service users and carers in the revision process. AIMS The objective was to assess whether medical vocabulary was accessible, which kinds of feelings it activated, whether and how users and carers would like to rephrase terms, and whether they used diagnosis to talk about mental health experiences. METHOD An innovative protocol focused on two diagnoses (depressive episode and schizophrenia) was implemented in 15 different countries. The same issues were discussed with users and carers understanding, feelings, rephrasing, and communication. RESULTS Most participants reported understanding the diagnoses, but associated them with negative feelings. While the negativity of "depressive episode" mostly came from the concept itself, that of "schizophrenia" was largely based on its social impact and stigmatization associated with "mental illness". When rephrasing "depressive episode", a majority kept the root "depress*", and suppressed the temporal dimension or renamed it. Almost no one suggested a reformulation based on "schizophrenia". Finally, when communicating, no one used the phrase "depressive episode". Some participants used words based on "depress", but no one mentioned "episode". Very few used "schizophrenia". CONCLUSION Data revealed a gap between concepts and emotional and cognitive experiences. Both professional and experiential language and knowledge have to be considered as complementary. Consequently, the ICD should be co-constructed by professionals, service users, and carers. It should take the emotional component of language, and the diversity of linguistic and cultural contexts, into account.The histological picture of giant cell tumor of bone is characterized by numerous osteoclast-like giant cells. However, these are not the actual tumor cells, but constitute a reactive infiltrate. Rather, the tumor cells are mononuclear mesenchymal cells, which even reveal an osteoblastic line of differentiation. The CD68-positive macrophages form the second group of mononuclear cells. The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B/ligand (RANK/RANKL) system, which belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family, is decisively involved in the activation of the giant cells. It is generally accepted that a RANKL expression of mononuclear stromal cells is responsible for the development and differentiation of osteoclast-like giant cells. Therefore, the RANKL inhibitor denosumab constituted an essential element for giant cell tumor therapy over the last several years, as it blocks the maturation of osteoclasts and thus the osteolytic activity and the spread of tumor. However, with time it became evident that the not risk-free therapy with denosumab may lead to extensive recurrences upon withdrawal, so this therapy is applied with caution today.At the molecular genetic level, the giant cell tumors of bone are characterized by point mutations in the H3F3A gene. The detection of this mutation is used for the diagnostic differentiation from other bone lesions containing giant cells. Giant cell osteosarcomas rarely contain H3F3A mutations. selleckchem Chondroblastoma is characterized by mutations in the H3F3B gene.