Burkepham2813

Though nanozymes are successfully applied in various areas, the increasing demands facilitate the exploitation of nanozymes possessing higher activity and more functions. Natural enzyme-linked receptors (ELRs) are critical components for signal transductions in vivo by expressing activity variations after binding with ligands. Inspired by this, the defect-engineered carbon nitrides (DCN) are reported to serve as nanozyme-linked receptors (NLRs). For one thing, cyano defects increase the enzyme-like activity by a factor of 109.5. For another, DCN-based NLRs are constructed by employing cyano groups as receptors, and variable outputs are ensued upon the addition of ion ligands. Significantly, both the cascade effect and electronic effect are demonstrated to contribute to this phenomenon. Finally, NLRs are used for pattern recognition of metal ions, indicating the signal transduction ability of NLRs as well. This work not only provides great promise of defect engineering in nanozymes, but also contributes to the design of artificial ELRs.

Nephrology offers the unique opportunity to directly link patients to providers, allowing the study of patient outcomes at the provider level. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether nephrologist experience, defined as years in nephrology practice, was associated with clinical outcomes.

Physician data contained within the American Medical Association (AMA) Physician Masterfile was combined with patient and Medicare claims data from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) for the calendar year 2012, with follow up extending through June 30, 2014. Associations with important healthcare outcomes including mortality in patients receiving maintenance renal replacement therapy (RRT), waitlisting for kidney transplantation, and receipt of a kidney transplant were determined with broad adjustment for both patient and provider level variables, with attention on tertile of provider time in practice.

We identified 256,324 patients on maintenance RRT cared for by 6193 nephrologists. Nephrologists rience was associated with decreased mortality and increased listing for kidney transplantation, an effect that remained significant after multiple adjustments for important patient and nephrologist variables.

Patients with heart failure (HF) and with diabetes experienced significantly worse outcomes than those without diabetes. However, data on the prognostic impact of prediabetes in HF are inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between prediabetes and the risk of all-cause mortality and adverse cardiac outcomes in patients with HF.

We searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar) for relevant studies up to 31 March 2021. Studies were included for analysis if multivariable adjusted relative risks of adverse outcomes were reported in patients with prediabetes and with HF compared with those with normoglycaemia. Random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Twelve studies comprising 28 643 patients with HF reported the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiac outcomes associated with prediabetes. The prevalence of prediabetes ranged from 9.6% to 37.2%. After a median follow-up duration of 2.3 years, patients with HF and with prediabetes were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06-1.58), cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.09-2.32), HF hospitalization (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.09-1.61), all-cause mortality and/or HF hospitalization (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01-1.47), as well as cardiovascular mortality and/or HF hospitalization (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07-1.37).

Prediabetes is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with HF. Further risk stratification and effective treatment strategies are needed in patients with prediabetes and with HF to improve the prognosis.

Prediabetes is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with HF. Further risk stratification and effective treatment strategies are needed in patients with prediabetes and with HF to improve the prognosis.Transcriptome-based drug screening is emerging as a powerful tool to identify geroprotective compounds to intervene in age-related disease. We hypothesized that, by mimicking the transcriptional signature of the highly conserved longevity intervention of FOXO3 (daf-16 in worms) overexpression, we could identify and repurpose compounds with similar downstream effects to increase longevity. Our in silico screen, utilizing the LINCS transcriptome database of genetic and compound interventions, identified several FDA-approved compounds that activate FOXO downstream targets in mammalian cells. These included the neuromuscular blocker atracurium, which also robustly extends both lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. This longevity is dependent on both daf-16 signaling and inhibition of the neuromuscular acetylcholine receptor subunit unc-38. We found unc-38 RNAi to improve healthspan, lifespan, and stimulate DAF-16 nuclear localization, similar to atracurium treatment. Finally, using RNA-seq transcriptomics, we identify atracurium activation of DAF-16 downstream effectors. Together, these data demonstrate the capacity to mimic genetic lifespan interventions with drugs, and in doing so, reveal that the neuromuscular acetylcholine receptor regulates the highly conserved FOXO/DAF-16 longevity pathway.

This study aimed to investigate the consequence of Ramadan fasting on gut bacterium (Bacteroides and Firmicutes), serum concentration for butyrate, and lipid profile.

Thirty healthy subjects were enlisted and investigated two times (before and at the end of Ramadan). Fasting blood samples were obtained for measuring fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipid profile and serum butyrate concentration. Anthropometrics variables were measured before and after Ramadan for all 30 subjects. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, targeting the genome of Bacteroides and Firmicutes was performed to determine its presence in the stool samples. Food intake was assessed by a 3-day food record before and after Ramadan. mTOR inhibitor therapy Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS ver.13 and Minitab ver.17. P < 0.05 considered the level of significance.

The study results showed that serum levels of butyrate significantly increase during the month from 0.23 ± 0.02 mM to 0.46 ± 0.03 mM (P < 0.05). The gut Bacteroides and Firmicutes increased by 21 and 13 percent after Ramadan compared to before (P < 0.05). The increment in Bacteroides occurred in both sexes, but Firmicutes significantly increased only in women. Food intake was decreased during Ramadan. Ramadan fasting caused significant reduction in BMI from 25.72 ± 0.58 kg/m2to 25.25 ± 0.55 kg/m

(P < 0.05). Serum levels of LDL, HDL, LDL/HDL ratio, and total cholesterol significantly decreased during Ramadan (P < 0.05). However, the decrease in FBS and TG level were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

It can be stated that the promotion of Bacteroides and Firmicutes in the gut might play a crucial role in health promotion. However, more research is needed to achieve a definite conclusion.

It can be stated that the promotion of Bacteroides and Firmicutes in the gut might play a crucial role in health promotion. However, more research is needed to achieve a definite conclusion.Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) is extremely rare in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We report a case of a 71-year-old man with ESRD presented with progressive left limb weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed spinal cervical SEH involving C3-5 level. The patient received emergent decompression laminectomy with the evacuation of the epidural hematoma.Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) may have favourable neurohumoral and metabolic effects in patients with chronic liver disease. However, studies examining SGLT2i in this population have been limited to patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and have focused on surrogate biomarkers. Our aim was to evaluate whether SGLT2i can reduce the incidence of ascites and death over a period of 36 months in patients with cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus. Using electronic health data from Veterans Affairs hospitals in the United States, we conducted a propensity score matched intention-to-treat analysis among veterans on metformin who subsequently received either SGLT2i or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Among 423 matched pairs (in total, 846 patients), we found no significant difference in the risk for ascites (hazard ratio 0.68 for SGLT2i, 95% confidence interval 0.37-1.25; p = .22) but did find that SGLT2i users had a reduced risk for death (adjusted hazard ratio 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.11-0.99; p less then  .05). In comparison with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, SGLT2i may improve survival for patients with cirrhosis who require additional pharmacotherapy for diabetes mellitus beyond metformin, but confirmatory studies are necessary.

In this study, we surveyed through a structured and pilot-tested questionnaire, the practices of pesticide usage by small-scale (< 1.25 ha) chilli and tomato farmers from four districts of Sri Lanka and their perceptions on the effectiveness of pesticides and willingness to adopt integrated pest management (IPM).

We found significant (P < 0.05) variation among districts in farmer responses to 37 out of 59 survey questions. A majority of farmers were dependent on pesticides with only a minority practicing IPM. A majority perceived that their current pesticide usage was increasing, but was not excessive. A majority were aware of the negative impacts of pesticides on human health and environment. Farmer perception on the effectiveness of pesticides increased with age, but was not influenced by education level. Farmers having a higher opinion of pesticides made a greater number of applications during a cropping cycle. They also maintained a longer preharvest interval and did not use pesticide mixtures. A majority expressed willingness to initiate IPM, but identified lack of knowledge and technical knowhow on specific IPM practices for their crops as barriers to adoption and requested external support. Farmer willingness to adopt IPM is higher among older, more educated farmers and among full-time farmers who are currently totally-dependent on pesticides and whose major income source was farming.

We conclude that a significant extension effort in terms of farmer education on IPM and external assistance to develop the technological knowhow, which is tailor-made to specific districts, is needed to facilitate adoption of IPM among these farmers.

We conclude that a significant extension effort in terms of farmer education on IPM and external assistance to develop the technological knowhow, which is tailor-made to specific districts, is needed to facilitate adoption of IPM among these farmers.

To evaluate the impact of a virtual educational camp (vEC) on glucose control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes using a closed-loop control (CLC) system.

This was a prospective multicentre study of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes using the Tandem Basal-IQ system. Insulin pumps were upgraded to Control-IQ, and children and their parents participated in a 3-day multidisciplinary vEC. Clinical data, glucose metrics and HbA1c were evaluated over the 12 weeks prior to the Control-IQ update and over the 12 weeks after the vEC.

Forty-three children and adolescents (aged 7-16 years) with type 1 diabetes and their families participated in the vEC. The median percentage of time in target range (70-180 mg/dL; TIR) increased from 64% (interquartile range [IQR] 56%-73%) with Basal-IQ to 76% (IQR 71%-81%) with Control-IQ (P< .001). After the vEC, more than 75% of participants achieved a TIR of more than 70%. The percentage of time between 180 and 250 mg/dL and above 250 mg/dL decreased by 5% (P< .