Burkelanier8921

Part of the recent progress in the labyrinth imaging has been made possible by the rise of contrast-free T2-weighted and delayed (1h) FLAIR sequences. The aim of this article is to review evidence for the use of these two sequences to image the inner ear, especially the posterior membranous labyrinth.

We analyzed MRI-based papers (2007-2020)using high-resolution T2-weighted or contrast-enhanced FLAIR (1h) sequences to image the inner ear.

T2-weighted sequences (3T MRI)enabled the visualization of the posterior membranous labyrinth with good correlation when compared to corresponding histological slices.Significant progress has been made, especially in terms of scanning time, aiming at reducing it, in order to decrease motions artifacts. The saccule is visible on a 3T MRI without significant motion artifacts. Its shape is ovoid, with a maximum height and width of 1.6 and 1.4 mm, respectively. An enlarged saccule was observed in 84%of patients with unilateral Meniere's disease, in 28%of patients with vestibular schwannomas (VS) and 47%of patients with intralabyrinthine schwannomas. VS obstructing the internal auditory canal caused a decrease of the perilymphatic signal (more moderate decrease in meningiomas) on T2 gradient-echo images. Contrast-enhanced FLAIR sequences are useful to image vestibular/facial neuritis and inflammatory inner ear diseases.

Precise analysis of the posterior membranous labyrinth, in terms of size, shape and signal intensity, is possible on a 3T MRI using high-resolution gradient-echo T2-weighted sequences. Such sequences are an interesting add-on to delayed (4h30) FLAIR-based protocols for labyrinth imaging.

Precise analysis of the posterior membranous labyrinth, in terms of size, shape and signal intensity, is possible on a 3T MRI using high-resolution gradient-echo T2-weighted sequences. Such sequences are an interesting add-on to delayed (4h30) FLAIR-based protocols for labyrinth imaging.

Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and VEGFA receptor (KDR) genes confer different inherited abilities in angiogenesis (AG) pathway. We aimed in the present study to evaluate influence of six VEGFA and four KDR SNVs in clinical features and survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients.

One hundred and sixty-eight DLBCL patients diagnosed between June 2009-September 2014 were enrolled in the study. Patients were homogeneously treated with R-CHOP. Genotypes were identified in genomic DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Patients with VEGFA -634CC and +936CT or TT genotypes were at increased risk of showing grade III / IV toxicities and not achieving complete remission with treatment, and shorter event-free and overall survival were seen in patients with VEGFA -1154GA or AA genotype and VEGFA ATAGCC haplotype.

Our data suggest that inherited abnormalities in AG's gene modulate clinical features and prognosis of DLBCL patients homogeneously treated with R-CHOP.

Our data suggest that inherited abnormalities in AG's gene modulate clinical features and prognosis of DLBCL patients homogeneously treated with R-CHOP.

The widespread introduction of immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has led to durable responses but still many patients fail and are treated beyond progression.

This study investigated whether readily available blood-based tumor biomarkers allow accurate detection of early non-responsiveness, allowing a timely switch of therapy and cost reduction.

In a prospective, observational study in patients with NSCLC treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab, five serum tumor markers were measured at baseline and every other week. Six months disease control as determined by RECIST was used as a measure of clinical response. Patients with a disease control <  6 months were deemed non-responsive. For every separate tumor marker a criterion for predicting of non-response was developed. Each marker test was defined as positive (predictive of non-response) if the value of that tumor marker increased at least 50% from the value at baseline and above a marker dependent minimum valn PFS 58 days (95% CI 46-70 days)) (p <  0.001).

Serum tumor marker based tests can be used for accurate detection of non-response in NSCLC, thereby allowing early and safe discontinuation of immunotherapy in a significant subset of patients.

Serum tumor marker based tests can be used for accurate detection of non-response in NSCLC, thereby allowing early and safe discontinuation of immunotherapy in a significant subset of patients.

Occipital strokes often cause permanent homonymous hemianopia leading to significant disability. In previous studies, non-invasive electrical brain stimulation (NIBS) has improved vision after optic nerve damage and in combination with training after stroke.

We explored different NIBS modalities for rehabilitation of hemianopia after chronic stroke.

In a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled, three-armed trial, altogether 56 patients with homonymous hemianopia were recruited. The three experiments were i) repetitive transorbital alternating current stimulation (rtACS, n = 8) vs. rtACS with prior cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the intact visual cortex (tDCS/rtACS, n = 8) vs. sham (n = 8); ii) rtACS (n = 9) vs. sham (n = 9); and iii) tDCS of the visual cortex (n = 7) vs. sham (n = 7). Visual functions were evaluated before and after the intervention, and after eight weeks follow-up. The primary outcome was change in visual field assessed by high-resolution and standard perimetlarger-sample trials.NCT01418820 (clinicaltrials.gov).

The diterpenoid cryptotanshinone (CTS) has wide biological functions, including inhibition of tumor growth, inflammation and apoptosis. The present study aimed to explore the possible effect of CTS on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanisms.

Male C57BL/6J mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and murine microglia BV2 cells were challenged by Oxygen/glucose deprivation, to mimic I/R and ischemic/hypoxic and reperfusion (H/R) injury, respectively. CTS was administered 0.5 h (10 mg/kg) after the onset of MCAO or 2 h (20μM) post OGD. Infarct volume and neurological deficit were measured. Immunofluorescence, qPCR, and western blot, were performed to detect the expression of cytokines, apoptotic marker, and M1/M2 phenotype-specific genes. Flow cytometry was applied for M1/M2 subpopulation or Annexin V/PI apoptosis assessment.

CTS significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume, neurologic deficit scores, pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β), apoptotic protein expression (cleaved caspase-3) of mice after tMCAO challenge. Furthermore, CTS attenuated CD16+ M1-type and elevated CD206+ M2-type microglia in vivo or in vitro.

We propose that the neuroprotective effect of CTS in the I/R or H/R context are explained modulation of microglial polarization, suggesting therapeutic potential for cerebral ischemic stroke.

We propose that the neuroprotective effect of CTS in the I/R or H/R context are explained modulation of microglial polarization, suggesting therapeutic potential for cerebral ischemic stroke.

To examine the effect of age on postural control outcomes among patients being seen during their initial post-concussion clinical visit.

Youth patients were seen≤14 days post-concussion, and completed a series of postural control evaluations tandem gait, Romberg, and Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) tests.

We included 109 children 8-12 years of age (24%female, evaluated median = 7 [interquartile range = 4-10] days post-injury) and 353 adolescents aged 13-18 years (36%female, evaluated median = 7 [4-10] days post-injury). There was a higher proportion of children who demonstrated abnormal tandem gait relative to adolescents (26%vs. 11%; p <  0.001). They also made more BESS errors in single (median = 5 [2-10] vs. 4 [2-6] errors) and tandem (median = 3 [1-6] vs. see more 2 [0-4]) firm stances. After covariate adjustment, children demonstrated worse tandem gait (adjusted odds ratio = 3.05, 95%CI = 1.68-5.53) and more firm surface BESS errors (double stance β=0.51, 95%CI = 0.22-0.80; single stance β= 1.18, 95%CI = 0.42-1.95; tandem stance β= 0.98, 95%CI = 0.28-1.68) than adolescents.

Tandem gait and BESS performance following concussion differ in children compared to adolescents who present within 2 weeks of injury. Clinicians assessing and managing concussion should recognize age differences in postural control performance when assessing those with concussion.

Tandem gait and BESS performance following concussion differ in children compared to adolescents who present within 2 weeks of injury. Clinicians assessing and managing concussion should recognize age differences in postural control performance when assessing those with concussion.

Cerebral Palsy (CP) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) are common causes of motor disability in childhood. Gait exoskeletons are currently being used as part of rehabilitation for children with walking difficulties.

To assess the safety and efficacy and describe the main characteristics of the clinical articles using robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) with exoskeleton for children with CP or SMA.

A computer search was conducted in five bibliographic databases regarding clinical studies published in the last ten years. In order to be included in this review for further analysis, the studies had to meet the following criteria (1) assess efficacy or safety of interventions; (2) population had to be children with CP or SMA aged between 3 and 14; (3) exoskeleton must be bilateral and assist lower limbs during walking.

Twenty-one articles were selected, of which only five were clinical trials. 108 participants met the inclusion criteria for this study, all with a diagnosis of CP. The evidence level of the selected papers was commonly low.

RAGT therapy seems to be safe for children with CP. However, further investigation is needed to confirm the results related to efficacy. There is no evidence of RAGT therapy for SMA children.

RAGT therapy seems to be safe for children with CP. However, further investigation is needed to confirm the results related to efficacy. There is no evidence of RAGT therapy for SMA children.

Perinatal practices such as breast-feeding, kangaroo mother care, rooming-in, and delayed cord clamping have varied by institution during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of this systematic review was to examine the success of different practices in preventing viral transmission between SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers and their infants.

Electronic searches were performed in the Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Studies involving pregnant or breastfeeding patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR were included. Infants tested within 48 hours of birth who had two tests before hospital discharge were included. Infants older than one week with a single test were also included.

Twenty eight studies were included. In the aggregated data, among 190 breastfeeding infants, 22 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (11.5%), while 4 of 152 (2.63%) among bottle-fed (Fisher's exact test p = 0.0006). The positivity rates for roomed in infants (20/103, 19.