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0001) and increase the levels of IgA and IgM (P less then 0.0001) in the plasma of weaned piglets. In addition, dietary PQQ increased (P less then 0.05) the mRNA levels of antioxidant genes (NQO1, UGT1A1, and EPHX1), thereby enhancing (oxidized) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) concentration and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity in tissues. However, the addition of 200 mg kg-1 VC to the diet containing PQQ reduced most of the effects of PQQ. We further show that PQQ reduced (P less then 0.05) the expression of inflammation-related genes (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2) via the SIRT1/NF-κB deacetylation signaling. In conclusion, our data reveals that PQQ exerts a certain protective effect on the intestines of piglets, but higher concentrations of VC react with PQQ, which inhibits the regulatory mechanism of PQQ.The intermolecular interactions in concentrated (5 M) aqueous imidazole solutions have been investigated by combining neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution, total X-ray scattering and empirical potential structure refinement (EPSR) simulations using a box containing 5530 water and 500 imidazole molecules. The structural model with the best fit was used to generate radial distribution functions and spatial density functions. The local volume surrounding imidazole molecules is dominated by water, due to strong hydrogen-bonding between the nitrogen moieties of imidazole and water molecules; within a radius of 6.4 Å from the central imidazole molecule there are, on average, 17 water and only 3 imidazole molecules. Even though imidazole interacts with water it appears to disrupt hydrogen bonding in the surrounding water network only minimally. Hydrogen-bonding between imidazole molecules is negligible. The most probable positions of imidazole nearest-neighbours are above and below the plane of the aromatic ring. At low distances (up to ∼3.5-3.8 Å) these nearest neighbours were found to prefer parallel orientation of the molecular planes, indicating hydrophobic (π-π) stacking. At longer distances (up to ∼5 Å), imidazole neighbours assume both parallel and edge-to-face orientations. Overall, hydrated imidazole molecules are the most probable structural motif in aqueous solutions, with very few direct imidazole-imidazole interactions.Nowadays identifying a high-performance catalyst for converting methane to methanol is crucial because methanol serves as an excellent energy source and has wide chemical applications. In the present study, we used DFT, a computational chemistry method, to investigate the reaction mechanism of methanol production by conversion of methane on Pt5 nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide (GO) substrates. Computational results predicted that the Pt5/GO system exhibits excellent catalysis efficiency, compared with those of the previously examined Pt2/GO and Pt2O2/GO systems. Energetics of examined molecular species and the reaction mechanism showed that the Pt5/GO system exhibits high stability in this catalysis reaction and catalyzes the reaction efficiently. Moreover, between the two investigated surfaces GO and UGO, GO performed better and should be a promising catalyst support to convert methane into methanol.The interaction of positronium (Ps) with molecular oxygen dissolved in liquids is experimentally investigated. Computer software has been developed for fitting the positron annihilation lifetime spectra in liquids using parameters with clear physical meaning rate constants of the Ps chemical reactions, annihilation rate constants of the different positron states, probability of Ps formation in a quasi-free state, typical formation time of a Ps nanobubble. Such processing of the spectra allowed identification of the dominant interaction of the Ps atom with dissolved oxygen. It turns out to be mainly ortho-para-conversion (Ps → 1/4 p-Ps + 3/4 o-Ps), but not oxidation (Ps + O2→ e+ + O2-). Selleckchem A2ti-1 Values of the reaction rate constants are obtained.Recently, flexible metacomposites with negative permittivity have triggered extensive interest owing largely to their promising applications in areas such as sensors, cloaking, and wearable and flexible electronic devices. In this paper, flexible silver nanowire/carbon fiber felt (AgNW/CFF) metacomposites with weakly negative permittivity were fabricated by adjusting their composition and microstructure. Along with the formation of a conductive AgNW network, the resulting composites gradually presented metal-like behavior. Interestingly, weakly negative permittivity with a small absolute value (as low as about 6.4) and good flexibility were observed in the composites with 3.7 wt% AgNWs. The one-dimensional silver nanowires contribute to reducing the overall electron density of the resulting composites, which is responsible for the weakly negative permittivity. As the AgNWs increased, the Drude-like negative permittivity got stronger owing to the enhancement of the electron density. Further investigation from the perspective of microelectronics revealed that the negative permittivity is dependent on the inductive characteristic. The proposed design strategy for AgNW/CFF composites with tunable negative permittivity opens up a new approach to flexible metacomposites.Carbon rich clusters are usually found after the detonation of explosives, which greatly hinder their further decomposition into small molecules. A comparison study of thermal decomposition and clusters formation between 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) and benzotrifuroxan (BTF) crystals was conducted to uncover the mechanisms behind their distinct differences in sensitivity and reaction violence, which has not been investigated in detail. The simulations of heating at 3500 K, then expansion and cooling were conducted through reactive molecular dynamics using the ReaxFF-lg force field. As a result, the initial low decay rate indicates that TATB is more stable than BTF under high temperatures, while once ignited it decays faster than BTF. Nevertheless, BTF decomposes more completely with a higher potential energy release, a greater amount of final products, and higher reaction frequencies, and shows higher reaction violence than TATB. More and heavier clusters occur in TATB crystals compared with those in BTF.