Bullardlanier1523

International prospective register of systematic reviews registration CRD42020219132.

From 642 potentially relevant citations, 3 studies were ultimately included. Our results showed evident reduction in serum UA after allopurinol intervention (WMD = -103.80, 95% CI -159.05, -48.55, I2 = 76%; p = 0.04), with a high GRADE of evidence. However, allopurinol did not significantly improve GFR (WMD = 1.07, 95% CI -1.68, 3.82, I2 = 33%; p = 0.45), with a moderate GRADE of evidence. There was no significant difference on improvement of albuminuria in patients of allopurinol and those in placebo groups (SMD = -0.26, 95% CI -1.03, 0.52, I2 = 94%; p = 0.52), with a moderate GRADE of evidence.

The present research showed that allopurinol did not significantly improve renal function and albuminuria in patients with DKD.

The present research showed that allopurinol did not significantly improve renal function and albuminuria in patients with DKD.

Endoscopic therapy with ERCP is considered the first line treatment in the management of post-cholecystectomy bile leak (PCBL). Currently there is no consensus on the most effective endoscopic intervention for PCBL. Hence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness and safety of the two interventional groups (biliary sphincterotomy [BS] alone vs biliary stent ± BS) in management of PCBL.

We conducted a comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases and conference proceedings (from inception through January 2021). The primary outcome was to compare the pooled rate of clinical success between the 2 groups. The secondary outcome was to estimate the pooled rate of adverse events.

The pooled rate of clinical success with BS alone (5 studies, 299 patients) was 88% (95% CI 84%- 92%, I2 0%) and for biliary stent ± BS (5 studies, 864 patients) was 97% (CI 93%-100%, I2 79%). The rate of clinical success in biliary stent ± BS group was significantly higher than BS alone group (OR 3.91 95% CI 2.29-6.69, p<0.001, I2 13%). The rate of adverse events was numerically lower in biliary stent ± BS group compared to BS alone (3 studies; OR 0.65 95% CI 0.41-1.03, p=0.07) without statistical significance. Low heterogeneity was noted in the analysis.

Biliary stent ± BS is more effective in endoscopic management of PCBL compared to BS alone. This may be related to inter-endoscopist variation in completeness of sphincterotomy and post sphincterotomy edema, which can influence the preferential trans-papillary flow of bile.

Biliary stent ± BS is more effective in endoscopic management of PCBL compared to BS alone. This may be related to inter-endoscopist variation in completeness of sphincterotomy and post sphincterotomy edema, which can influence the preferential trans-papillary flow of bile.

Meiosis is a crucial process for germ cell development. It consists of 1 round of DNA replication followed by 2 rounds of chromosome segregation, producing haploid gametes from diploid cells. During meiotic prophase, chromosomes are organized into axis-loop structures, which underlie meiosis-specific events such as meiotic recombination and homolog synapsis. Meiosis-specific cohesin plays a pivotal role in establishing higher-order chromosome architecture and regulating chromosome dynamics.

Notably, sexually dimorphic properties of chromosome architecture are prominent during meiotic prophase, despite the same axial proteins being conserved between male and female. The difference in chromosome structure between the sexes gives sexual differences in the regulation of meiotic recombination and crossover distribution. Key Messages This review mainly focuses on the sexual differences of meiosis from the viewpoint of chromosome structure in mammals, elucidating the differences in meiotic recombination and homolog synapsis between the sexes.

Notably, sexually dimorphic properties of chromosome architecture are prominent during meiotic prophase, despite the same axial proteins being conserved between male and female. The difference in chromosome structure between the sexes gives sexual differences in the regulation of meiotic recombination and crossover distribution. Key Messages This review mainly focuses on the sexual differences of meiosis from the viewpoint of chromosome structure in mammals, elucidating the differences in meiotic recombination and homolog synapsis between the sexes.

Data about the independent and combined effects of cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys) and albuminuria on the risk of poor outcome in stroke patients are limited. The aim was to elucidate how these two renal markers affect the clinical outcomes after ischemic stroke separately and jointly.

The study subjects consisted of 10,197 patients with ischemic stroke from the third China National Stroke Registry. The study outcomes were all-cause mortality, poststroke disability, recurrence of stroke, and cardiocerebral vascular disease (CVD) composite events. Cox proportional hazard models and multivariable logistic regression model were applied to evaluate the effects of eGFRcys and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) on these outcomes.

Both reduced eGFRcys and increased ACR were independently associated with higher incidences of all-cause death and poststroke disability (p < 0.01). Mildly decreased eGFRcys (60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2) is associated with increased risk of all-cause death and poststroke disability in the presence of high-normal ACR (10-29 mg/g). Patients with both eGFRcys <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 and ACR ≥30 mg/g at baseline had a 6.8-fold risk for all-cause mortality and 3.6-fold risk for poststroke disability, compared with patients with eGFRcys of 90-119 mL/min/1.73 m2 and ACR <10 mg/g. In addition, increased ACR was associated with recurrent stroke and CVD composite event, while reduced eGFRcys showed no relationship with these outcomes.

Both decreased eGFRcys and albuminuria are independent risk factors for all-cause death and poststroke disability. Combining the two markers is useful for improving risk stratification even in those without chronic kidney disease.

Both decreased eGFRcys and albuminuria are independent risk factors for all-cause death and poststroke disability. Combining the two markers is useful for improving risk stratification even in those without chronic kidney disease.

International newborn resuscitation guidelines recommend electrocardiogram (ECG) heart rate (HR) monitoring at birth. We evaluated the application time of pre-set ECG electrodes fixed to a polyethene patch allowing adhesive-free attachment to the wet skin of the newborn chest.

Using a three-electrode pre-set ECG patch configuration, application success was calculated using video analysis and measured at three time points, the time to (1) apply electrodes; (2) detect recognizable QRS complexes after application; and (3) display a HR after application.

A prospective observational study in two UK tertiary maternity units was undertaken with 71 newborns including 23 who required resuscitation.

The median (IQR) time for ECG patch application was 8 (6-10) seconds, detection of recognizable QRS complexes 8 (2-12) seconds, and time to output HR was 23 (15-37) seconds.

Pre-set ECG chest electrodes allow rapid HR information at birth without electrode detachment or compromising skin integrity.

Pre-set ECG chest electrodes allow rapid HR information at birth without electrode detachment or compromising skin integrity.

Melatonin (MLT) shows antitumor effects in various tumor types, including endometrial carcinoma. However, the molecular mechanism involved is unclear. In the current study, we investigated the effect of MLT on the estrogen-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells and explored the pathway that might be involved.

Laboratory study was via cultured endometrial cancer cells. Design refers only to in vitro experiments.

In cell culture experiments, cell growth was examined using CCK-8 assays. The expression of Numb and EMT markers in Ishikawa cells was examined using Western blot analysis and real-time PCR. Cell invasion was examined using transwell assays. Cell migration was examined using wound-healing assays and transwell assays. Using immunohistochemistry analysis, the expression of Numb in human endometrial cancers was examined.

In immunohistochemistry experiments, we found that 15.2% of atypical endometrial hyperplasia and 15.6% of endometrial carcinoma did not express Numb. In cell culture experiments, MLT inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration induced by 17β-estradiol (E2) in endometrial cancer cells. RSL3 ic50 MLT decreased the expression of vimentin and Slug and increased the expression of Numb and E-cadherin in Ishikawa cells. Numb knockdown in cancer cells significantly increased cell proliferation, invasion, and migration.

No animal experiments were performed.

MLT blocked E2-induced cell growth and EMT in endometrial cancer cells via upregulating Numb expression.

MLT blocked E2-induced cell growth and EMT in endometrial cancer cells via upregulating Numb expression.End-stage kidney disease has been associated with cognitive impairment and brain atrophy. It remains unclear if mild to moderate kidney dysfunction is associated with brain atrophy, especially in older adults. We used cross-sectional data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), an NIH-funded multicenter longitudinal cohort study, to better understand the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and brain volumes. We included all ADNI participants with both baseline serum creatinine values and MRI brain volume assessments. We used multiple linear regression modeling to assess cross-sectional associations between eGFR and whole-brain gray matter, hippocampus, entorhinal, fusiform, and middle temporal brain volumes. Participants (n = 1,596) were 74 ± 7 years old with a mean eGFR of 69.4 ± 14.8 mL/min/1.73 m2; 53% had mild cognitive impairment, and 19% had dementia. Unadjusted analysis showed an association between lower eGFR and smaller brain volumes. After adjusting for age, sex, and education, there was no association between eGFR brain volumes (p > 0.05 for all). These results remained consistent after subgroup analysis by age stratification and baseline cognitive status. Age was a confounding variable in the unadjusted association between the eGFR and brain volumes. Thus, a mild to moderately reduced eGFR was not associated with brain atrophy in ADNI participants.Objective.Cognitive impairment is one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia, with an emphasis on dysfunctional information processing. Sensory gating deficits have consistently been reported in schizophrenia, but the underlying physiological mechanism is not well-understood. We report the discovery and characterization of P50 dynamic brain connections based on microstate analysis.Approach.We identify five main microstates associated with the P50 response and the difference between the first and second click presentation (S1-S2-P50) in first-episode schizophrenia (FESZ) patients, ultra-high-risk individuals (UHR) and healthy controls (HCs). We used the signal segments composed of consecutive time points with the same microstate label to construct brain functional networks.Main results.The microstate with a prefrontal extreme location during the response to the S1 of P50 are statistically different in duration, occurrence and coverage among the FESZ, UHR and HC groups. In addition, a microstate with anterior-posterior orientation was found to be associated with S1-S2-P50 and its coverage was found to differ among the FESZ, UHR and HC groups.