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nts to identify high need areas that should be prioritized for built environment improvements.Context Municipal bodies such as planning or zoning commissions and active transportation advisory committees can influence decisions made by local governments that support physical activity through active transportation. Public health professionals are encouraged to participate in and inform these processes. However, the extent of such collaboration among US municipalities is currently unknown. Objective To estimate the prevalence of active transportation bodies among US municipalities and the proportion with a designated public health representative. Design A cross-sectional survey administered from May through September 2014. Setting Nationally representative sample of US municipalities with populations of 1000 or more people. Participants Respondents were the city or town manager, planner, or person with similar responsibilities (N = 2018). Main outcome measures The prevalence of planning or zoning commissions and active transportation advisory committees among municipalities and whether there was a desigansportation advisory committees and ensuring a designated public health representative on active transportation bodies may help promote the development of activity-friendly communities across the United States.Context The public health response to the HIV epidemic has increasingly centered on the uptake of and adherence to biomedical interventions (eg, pre-exposure prophylaxis [PrEP], treatment as prevention [TasP]). Traditionally, various community and health care organizations have worked to address different stages of PrEP or TasP care. Objective To understand the importance of how HIV prevention organizations providing these services interact to provide the comprehensive care needed for successful HIV and PrEP continuum outcomes. Design Utilizing an Organizational Network Survey, network ties were examined between formal and informal partnerships among community agencies. Setting This study examined community agencies in the current HIV prevention system in Chicago. Participants Seventy-two community agencies across the Chicago metropolitan area. Main outcome measures Using network analysis, this study examined ties between community agencies and assessed perceptions of collaboration and competitiveness in the current HIV prevention system in Chicago. Results Overall, respondents reported that the current environment of HIV prevention in Chicago was extremely (18.8%), moderately (37.5%), or somewhat collaborative (37.5%) and extremely (68.8%) or moderately competitive (25.0%). The majority of partnerships reported were informal, with less than a quarter being formalized. That said, those who reported formal partnerships reported being satisfied with those relationships. There was a significantly negative association between density and perceived collaboration-grantees experiencing a more collaborative also reported less dense networks. Conclusion These findings indicate that, despite perceived competitiveness, agencies are willing to work together and create a cohesive HIV prevention and treatment system. However, more work should be done to foster an environment that can support the formation of partnerships, to improve a coordinated response to providing HIV care, and sustain mutually beneficial relationships.Context Disease burden may vary substantively across neighborhoods in an urban setting. Yet, data available for monitoring chronic conditions at the neighborhood level are scarce. Large health care data sets have potential to complement population health surveillance. Few studies have examined the utility of health care data for neighborhood-level surveillance. Objective We examined the use of primary care electronic health records (EHRs) and emergency department (ED) claims for identifying neighborhoods with higher chronic disease burden and neighborhood-level prevalence estimation. Design Comparison of hypertension and diabetes estimates from EHRs and ED claims with survey-based estimates. Setting Forty-two United Hospital Fund neighborhoods in New York City. Participants The EHR sample comprised 708 452 patients from the Hub Population Health System (the Hub) in 2015, and the ED claim sample comprised 1 567 870 patients from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System in 2015. We derived survey-for monitoring chronic conditions at the neighborhood level.The diagnosis and treatment of medical retinal disease is now inseparable from retinal imaging in all its multimodal incarnations. The purpose of this article is to present a selection of very different retinal imaging techniques that are truly translational, in the sense that they are not only new, but can guide us to new understandings of disease processes or interventions that are not accessible by present methods. Quantitative autofluorescence imaging, now available for clinical investigation, has already fundamentally changed our understanding of the role of lipofuscin in age-related macular degeneration. Hyperspectral autofluorescence imaging is bench science poised not only to unravel the molecular basis of retinal pigment epithelium fluorescence, but also to be translated into a clinical camera for earliest detection of age-related macular degeneration. The ophthalmic endoscope for vitreous surgery is a radically new retinal imaging system that enables surgical approaches heretofore impossible while it captures subretinal images of living tissue. Remote retinal imaging coupled with deep learning artificial intelligence will transform the very fabric of future medical care.Almost all medical care in the United States is delivered with the provider and patient in immediate proximity; this model is referred to as face-to-face care. Medical services can be apportioned as procedural care (eg, surgery, radiology, or laboratory testing and others) or cognitive care, also known as Evaluation and Management (E/M) services, in which the provider formulates an assessment and plan after obtaining information from the patient's history, examination, and diagnostic tests.Providing a medical opinion and plan using the telephone as the technology that links the provider and the patient is an example of a non-face-to-face E/M service. Common Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes and the details for how to provide telephone services have been available for decades but have not been reimbursed and therefore were rarely used. In recent years, as new technologies have evolved, there has been slow and steady acceptance that non-face-to-face E/M care can be an adjunct to or replacement for some face-toted States, the US Department of Health & Human Services issued a public health emergency and declared a Section 1135 Waiver that lifted many of the administrative constraints. With the need for near-absolute social distancing, this perfect storm has resulted in the immediate adoption of telemedicine, at least for the duration of the pandemic, for cognitive care to be delivered using communication technologies that are already in place. This article discusses the most common forms of non-face-to-face E/M care and the proper coding elements necessary to provide these services.Purpose of review This article discusses the neurologic complications of traditional, nontraditional, and emerging drugs of abuse. Recent findings The manufacture, distribution, and use of so-called designer drugs are increasing. These agents can induce dramatic neurologic manifestations and can evade identification on conventional drug-screening assays. Additionally, gabapentinoids, drug agents that are very familiar to neurologists, are being abused in the general population at increasing rates to achieve euphoric highs and potentiate the effects of opiates. Furthermore, even well-known illicit narcotics such as heroin are posing dangers above their baseline because of "lacing" with additives or substitutes such as fentanyl and related compounds. These clandestine agents increase the potency of what are thought to be typical dosages to lethal levels, thus leading to more unintentional overdose deaths. Summary The potential for short- and long-term nervous system injury from drug abuse is well established. However, it is important for the practicing neurologist to possess awareness of the features and observed sequelae of the toxidromes of both traditional and nontraditional drugs of abuse. This is because the use of both is widespread in our society and conventional drug screening can miss detection of some powerful agents, thus forcing us to maintain a high index of suspicion based on recognition of the clinical features.Purpose of review This article reviews the clinical features, prognosis, and treatment of neurotoxicity from anticancer drugs, including conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, biologics, and targeted therapies, with a focus on the newer immunotherapies (immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T cells). Recent findings Whereas neurologic complications from traditional chemotherapy are widely recognized, newer cancer therapies, in particular immunotherapies, have unique and distinct patterns of neurologic adverse effects. Anticancer drugs may cause central or peripheral nervous system complications. Neurologic complications of therapy are being seen with increasing frequency as patients with cancer are living longer and receiving multiple courses of anticancer regimens, with novel agents, combinations, and longer duration. selleck kinase inhibitor Neurologists must know how to recognize treatment-related neurologic toxicity since discontinuation of the offending agent or dose adjustment may prevent further or permanent neurologic injury. It is also imperative to differentiate neurologic complications of therapy from cancer progression into the nervous system and from comorbid neurologic disorders that do not require treatment dose reduction or discontinuation. Summary Neurotoxicity from cancer therapy is common, with effects seen on both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy are new cancer treatments with distinct patterns of neurologic complications. Early recognition and appropriate management are essential to help prevent further neurologic injury and optimize oncologic management.Purpose of review This article provides an overview of the neurologic side effects of commonly prescribed medications, some of which can result in significant impairment if not addressed. This article aims to help clinicians recognize neurologic adverse drug reactions of a range of medication classes. Recent findings Adverse drug reactions are a source of significant morbidity and rising health care costs. Failure to recognize neurologic adverse drug reactions may prompt unnecessary testing to identify a primary neurologic condition and expose the patient to continued adverse effects of a medication. Familiarity with the side effect profiles of newer medications, timing of side effects, pattern of reaction, medication rechallenge, and concurrent medical issues and awareness of significant medication interactions may aid in the identification of a medication side effect. Summary Early recognition of neurologic adverse medication reactions can be challenging but is essential to prompt discontinuation of the offending medication or administration of specific symptomatic treatments in select cases.