Bucksears0045

Biofouling control in reverse osmosis membranes (ROMs) is challenging due to the high cost of treatments, and reduction in the life of ROMs. This study characterizes the biofouling in the ROMs from a desalination plant and reports its effective removal using the supernatant obtained from Alteromonas sp. strain Ni1-LEM. The characterization of the bacterial community revealed that the most abundant taxa in ROMs were the genera Fulvivirga and Pseudoalteromonas, and unclassified species of the families Flavobacteriaceae and Sphingomonadaceae. This bacterial community significantly decreased upon treatment with the supernatant from Alteromonas sp. Ni1-LEM, resulting in the prevalence of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. Furthermore, this bacterial supernatant significantly inhibited cell adhesion of seven benthic microalgae isolated from ROMs as well as promoting cell detachment of the existing microbial biofilms. The study showed that the extracellular supernatant modified the conformation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the biofouling of ROMs without any biocidal effects.Background The 2019 community-acquired pneumonia guidelines recommend using recent respiratory cultures and locally validated epidemiology plus risk factor assessment to determine empirical coverage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Objective To develop a methodology for evaluating local epidemiology and validating local risk factors for P aeruginosa and MRSA. Methods This multicenter, retrospective cohort evaluated adult patients admitted for pneumonia. Risk factors for MRSA and P aeruginosa were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression and reported as adjusted odds ratios (aORs). Results There were 10 723 cases evaluated. Lung abscess/empyema had the highest odds associated with MRSA (aOR = 4.24; P less then 0.0001), followed by influenza (aOR = 2.34; P = 0.01), end-stage renal disease (ESRD; aOR = 2.09; P = 0.006), illicit substance use (aOR = 1.7; P = 0.007), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; aOR = 1.26; P = 0.04). For P aeruginosa, the highest odds were in bronchiectasis (aOR = 6.13; P less then 0.0001), lung abscess/empyema (aOR = 3.36; P = 0.005), and COPD (aOR = 1.84; P less then 0.0001). Isolated COPD without other risk factors did not pose an increased risk of either organism. Conclusion and Relevance Influenza, ESRD, lung abscess/empyema, and illicit substance use were local risk factors for MRSA. Bronchiectasis and lung abscess/empyema were risk factors for Pseudomonas. COPD was associated with MRSA and Pseudomonas. However, isolated COPD had similar rates of MRSA and Pseudomonas pneumonia compared with the total population. This study established a feasible methodology for evaluating local risk factors.Nepal is at a high risk of increasing COVID-19 cases through people who recently returned to Nepal from other countries. The health care system of Nepal is fragile, and the country is not having the necessary infrastructure to cope with an increasing number of infections and pandemic situations.Case (description) A 74 years old Caucasian suffering from chronic kidney disease presented with progressive asthenia and diffuse myalgia. It was revealed that the patient used three different rosuvastatin-containing preparations in a total daily dose of 120 mg for 76 days. Laboratory investigations revealed a marked elevation of serum urea, creatinine, myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK) and transaminases. Two serious medication errors have been identified as possible major factors that synergistically contributed to the development of rosuvastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis. First, 40 mg of rosuvastatin dose was prescribed to the patient, although the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) declined below 40 ml/min/1.73 m2. Moreover, the patient used 3 different rosuvastatin formulations simultaneously in a total dose of 120 mg/day. The heterozygous CYP2C9*1/*3 genotype and warfarin co-administration could further contribute to the development of rhabdomyolysis. A number of preventive measures, notably in drug policy, are suggested to overcome unintended intoxications. Conclusion Rosuvastatin-induced myopathy is a rare, but serious adverse effect. This case report highlights the need for a proper treatment and dose adjustment during chronic medical therapy, the need for adequate patient education and application of adequate drug policy measures in the era of fragmented health care delivery and polypragmasia.Lactobacilli use in treatment and prevention of the vaginal microflora disorders, such as bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis, is highly promising. The objective of this study was is to develop formulation and technology of the extemporal Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) ІМВ В-7280-containing medicinal product in the form of vaginal pessaries. The quality control parameters were defined in accordance with the State Pharmacopeia of Ukraine (2nd edition) and included appearance, uniformity of texture, uniformity of mass and disintegration test. Lactobacilli assay was determined after preparation and within the storage period. Thus, feasible formulation and technology were selected for vaginal pessaries with an expected 6-month shelf life. The results of the hereby described research will be used for technological instruction development for extemporaneous vaginal pessaries with defined probiotic activity.Rotavirus is one of the most important causative agents of gastroenteritis in both infants and children worldwide, resulting in high mortality and morbidity, mainly in low-income, developing countries. Respective analysis of medical records of newborns hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis showed that the use of α2b-interferon in complex pharmacotherapy was characterized by faster reverse development of clinical manifestations of the disease than in patients who did not receive interferon. In our study, we also aimed to estimate the effectiveness of α2b-interferon supplementation in combination pharmacotherapy of newborns with suspected rotavirus infection. Achievement of this goal was possible with the construction of a decision tree model and determination of decision rules for inclusion of α2b-interferon supplementation into the complex pharmacotherapy. The input parameters of the model were hospitalization days of patients stratified by such signs as the presence or absence of rotavirus infection, as well as the additional inclusion of α2b-interferon supplementation in complex pharmacotherapy. The criterion for prediction and decision-making was global retrospective rotavirus prevalence. The feature of the simulation was that the costs were expressed as relative to each other, which allowed unifying the proposed methodology. Retrospective analysis of the clinical database of Ukrainian newborns with acute diarrhea has proved that the decision of α2b-interferon supplementation as additional treatment could be cost-saving under 7.4 times its lower price.The article presents the study results of the effectiveness and the mechanism of the «Saprogel» action on the wound healing process and pro-/antioxidant equilibrium in serum of rats with a full-thickness wound model. The wound healing effect of tested gel samples was evaluated by the dynamics of area change (S) and the percentage reduction of the area (PRA) of wounds on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days of the treatment. The content of lipid peroxide oxidation (LPO) products and the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes in the serum of rats were determined in the dynamics in different phases of the wound healing process in rats. «Saprogel» treatment of full-thickness wounds in rats reduced their healing time by 24.5% (p less then 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the effect of «Saprogel» and the comparator product on the duration of wound healing. The content of LPO products in the rat serum when using «Saprogel» was reduced and the enzymes activity of the antioxidant protection SOD and CAT was normalized, indicating that one of the mechanisms of wound healing action of «Saprogel» is its antioxidant properties.Background Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM) is a disease which is becoming pandemic these days. A successful treatment of chronic diabetes mellitus depends on early diagnosis and proper treatment. Just as the role of the doctor in treating the disease is important, so the community pharmacist plays an important role in taking the initiative in motivating patients to adhere to individual treatment regimes. Objective The main aim of the study was to analyze and assess patient adherence to pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment, including the influence of the community pharmacist on that. Method All necessary data for the assessment were collected by anonymous questionnaire survey methods conducted within 7 months, as well as by personal consulting among pharmacists and patients. The results were assessed according to patients gender and age. Results 117 respondents got involved in the survey, with 67 (57%) females and 50 (43%) males. The majority were aged 60-74 (48%), 84% suffered from diabetes mellitus type 2. Adherence to non-pharmacological treatment (regime and dietary measures) was 96% in females and 76% in males according to gender, and over 80% in each age category. Adherence to pharmacological treatment was up to 83% in females and 79% in males. According to age, over 70% adhered to pharmacological treatment all the time in each age category (except for 75+), with up to 88% aged 60-74. Conclusion According to the outcomes, we can observe that in our selected sample of patients the majority followed pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment. The pharmacist also plays an important role in improving adherence to treatment. By providing patients with their expertise and professional knowledge while drug dispensing or individual conselling, the pharmacist can motivate the patient to follow not only pharmacological but also non-pharmacological treatment and thereby increase patient adherence itself to treatment.Colour is an important indicator of the quality of pharmaceuticals, medicinal products and pharmaceutical excipients. The paper summarizes advances in the use of instrumental colour measurement in synthetic medicines and medicines of non-natural origin, their dosage forms and excipients published in 2013-2019.Descending necrotizing mediastinitis is a severe, fulminant, life-threatening bacterial infection of the mediastinum. Even though improvements in diagnostics and treatment were achieved, the mortality rate remain shigh. Contrast-enhanced CT of chest and neck is the diagnostic gold standard. Radical debridement and drainage of the mediastinum should be considered the primary therapeutic target. The authors present a complicated case of a female patient with cervical necrotizing fasciitis and descending necrotizing mediastinitis. She was initially treated for a deep neck infection at the department of otorhinolaryngology. Surgical treatment, antibiotics, and intensive care became an integral part of the therapy after the transfer to the department of thoracic surgery. The authors had to face various complications with tracheostomy and extensively debrided soft tissues in the neck region. That is why the patient underwent repeated surgeries during several hospital stays, with an overall duration of treatment reaching 220 days.