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Fritz Meyer (1875-1953) is undoubtedly one of the most enigmatic pathologists and internists of his time He emerged early as a major researcher in the field of infectious diseases. Later, he also focused on heart and lung diseases and became a celebrity doctor who treated ambassadors and prominent contemporaries of the United States. The course of his life was as unusual as his professional activities At the beginning of the Third Reich, Meyer experienced far-reaching repression due to his Jewish ancestry, which led to forced emigration to the USA. Although he achieved professional success in his new homeland, he returned to Germany in 1948 - as one of very few Jewish emigrants from the Third Reich. This article takes these peculiarities as an opportunity to take a closer look at Fritz Meyer It recapitulates the biography and scientific merits of the Jewish pathologist and pays special attention to the background of his emigration to the USA and his later remigration to Germany. The central basis of the studynor in public; nevertheless, it can be shown that he secretly lamented the lack of consciousness of guilt of the German postwar population. Several indications cast doubt on his intention to remain permanently in Germany. This includes the fact that he held on to his U.S. citizenship until the end of his life and that his wife remained in the United States.

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTM) belongs to papillary carcinomas whose length is about 1.0 cm. According to previous studies, FOXE1 is a transcription factor involved in the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, its detailed upstream mechanism remains unknown in PTM.

Our study aimed at detecting and verifying the up-regulation of FOXE1 in PTM cell lines.

FXOE1 expression was detected in PTM and normal cells through RT-qPCR. Loss-of-function experiments were conducted to identify the effect of silenced FOXE1 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Mechanism experiments were carried out to explore the upstream molecular mechanism of FOXE1.

Knockdown of FOXE1 could lead to the inhibition on cell proliferation, migration and invasion while positively regulating cell apoptosis. Importantly, Yin-Yang-1 (YY1) could boost the transcription of FOXE1, thereby upregulating FOXE1. Also, the binding potential of miR-129-5p to FOXE1 was identified in PTM cells and MiR-129-5p could target FOXE1. In addition, the cellular processes in PTM were hindered with the increase of miR-129-5p expression level.

Our research suggested that the up-regulation of FOXE1 is regulated by YY1 and miR-129-5p, which may contribute to PTM progression.

Our research suggested that the up-regulation of FOXE1 is regulated by YY1 and miR-129-5p, which may contribute to PTM progression.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a frequent complication of hip fractures. The Danish national clinical guideline for hip fracture recommends early and systematic mobilisation after surgery and that indwelling catheters are not used perioperatively.

The aim of this study was to describe the number of patients who received nursing care to prevent UTIs in accordance with the recommendations from the national Danish clinical guidelines. Specifically, the aim was to report the number of patients developing UTIs during admission, have indwelling catheters removed and being mobilised with 24 hours after surgery.

This prospective study included 65 patients. Data were collected on mobilisation and catheter use with a chart designed for this study. Sterile intermittent catheterisation was used to collect urine samples on admission and at discharge. Urine samples were sent for analysis at the microbiology laboratory. The urine sample was positive for UTI if the test showed 10

CFU/ml bacteria.

A total of five pional clinical guidelines, and 52.3% of the patients were mobilised within 24 h after surgery, which showed low adherence to the guidelines.Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs that poses a considerable health and socioeconomic burden. Several risk factors work synergistically to affect the progression of asthma. Lipid metabolism, especially in distinct cells such as T cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and non-immune cells, plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of asthma, as lipids are potent signaling molecules that regulate a multitude of cellular response. In this review, we focused on the metabolic pathways of lipid molecules, especially fatty acids and their derivatives, and summarized their roles in various cells during the pathogenesis of asthma along with the current pharmacological agents targeting lipid metabolism.Differential expression of minor histocompatibility antigens between the recipient and donor determines their disparity and can be modified by immunoproteasomes that regulate their processing and presentation. We examined the impact of HA-1 and HA-8 disparity, and immunoproteasome LMP7 polymorphism in 130 pairs. In multivariate analysis, HA-1 disparity showed a statistically significant association with an increased incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) II-IV (p = 0.043, HR 3.71, 95%CI = 1.04-13.26), while LMP7-Q/Q showed a trend toward increased incidence of aGVHD compared to LMP7-Q/K and K/K genotypes (p = 0.087, HR 2.36, 95%CI = 0.88-6.31). All HA-1 and HA-8 disparate patients who developed aGVHD had the LMP7-Q/Q genotype. No significant association could be detected between HA-1, HA-8, or LMP7 and chronic GVHD, relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), or transplant-related mortality (TRM). In conclusion, we suggested an association between the HA-1 disparity and the risk of developing aGVHD with a possible modifying effect of LMP7.

To assess the cost-effectiveness and cost utility of sitagliptin/metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to those of glibenclamide/metformin in a semiprivate hospital and to compare the cost-effectiveness and cost utility of sitagliptin/metformin in a semiprivate hospital to those in the public health system (PHS) of Ecuador in2019.

A cost-effectiveness study considering the probability of cardiovascular death as the outcome and quality-adjusted life-year as a measure of utility, estimating direct medical costs in US dollars by a model case from the perspective of the third payer. The results will be presented as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. One-way and 2-way sensitivity analyses with tornado diagrams were performed.

Direct medical costs were lower at the hospital than from the PHS in Ecuador. Considering the drugs metformin/sitagliptin, the total cost was $35.69 less in the hospital ($880.38) than from the comparator ($916.07). The highest percentage of direct medical costs corresponded to drugs (between 63.94% and 84.65%). An ICER of -$19 131.61 was obtained at the Hospital Un Canto a la Vida and -$1621.85 at PHS. In addition, the cost per quality-adjusted life-year earned was $611.11. Sensitivity analysis showed that the probability of drug use and the relative risk of cardiovascular death associated with such prescription were parameters that most affected the model.

The combination therapy metformin/sitagliptin compared to metformin/glibenclamide was shown not to be cost-effective in the Hospital Un Canto a la Vida, and highly cost-effective in the PHS.

The combination therapy metformin/sitagliptin compared to metformin/glibenclamide was shown not to be cost-effective in the Hospital Un Canto a la Vida, and highly cost-effective in the PHS.Although nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, and microemulsions were extensively evaluated as formulations for nasal administration of drugs, lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) mesophases have been few studied. The phase transition from a low-viscosity microemulsion to a more viscous LLC may improve the mucoadhesion of the formulation. Pitavastatin cost Donepezil is a drug administered orally in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and with gastrointestinal side effects that are typical of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Based on this, donepezil administration by nasal pathway using a mucoadhesive LLC may be a feasible alternative. A colloidal formulation was selected from a ternary diagram, combining CETETH-10, oleic acid, and water (404515, w/w). Donepezil was incorporated into the formulation, and the characterisation included in vitro studies, such as mucoadhesion and drug release. Pharmacokinetics in Wistar rats included evaluations by the nasal pathway with donepezil incorporated into microemulsion. A phase transition from an isotropic to an anisotropic system was observed after the swelling of the microemulsion with artificial nasal fluid (12-20 %). The release of donepezil in vitro occurred in a sustained manner. link2 Significant levels of donepezil were achieved in the brain after nasal administration of the microemulsion, as a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

To develop a computerized detection system for the automatic classification of the presence/absence of mass lesions in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) annotated exams, based on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN).

Three DCNN architectures working at image-level (DBT slice) were compared two state-of-the-art pre-trained DCNN architectures (AlexNet and VGG19) customized through transfer learning, and one developed from scratch (DBT-DCNN). To evaluate these DCNN-based architectures we analysed their classification performance on two different datasets provided by two hospital radiology departments.DBT slice images were processed following normalization, background correction and data augmentation procedures. link3 The accuracy, sensitivity, and area-under-the-curve (AUC) values were evaluated on both datasets, using receiver operating characteristic curves. A Grad-CAM technique was also implemented providing anindication of the lesion position in the DBT slice.

Accuracy, sensitivity and AUC for the investigated DCNN are in-line with the best performance reported in the field. The DBT-DCNN network developed in this work showed an accuracy and a sensitivity of (90%±4%) and (96%±3%), respectively, with an AUC as good as 0.89±0.04. Ak-fold cross validation test (withk=4) showed an accuracy of 94.0%±0.2%, and a F1-score test provided a value as good as 0.93±0.03. Grad-CAM maps show high activation in correspondence of pixels within the tumour regions.

We developed a deep learning-based framework (DBT-DCNN) to classify DBT images from clinical exams. We investigated also apossible application of the Grad-CAM technique to identify the lesion position.

We developed a deep learning-based framework (DBT-DCNN) to classify DBT images from clinical exams. We investigated also apossible application of the Grad-CAM technique to identify the lesion position.

To provide a guideline curriculum related to Artificial Intelligence (AI), for the education and training of European Medical Physicists (MPs).

The proposed curriculum consists of two levels Basic (introducing MPs to the pillars of knowledge, development and applications of AI, in the context of medical imaging and radiation therapy) and Advanced. Both are common to the subspecialties (diagnostic and interventional radiology, nuclear medicine, and radiation oncology). The learning outcomes of the training are presented as knowledge, skills and competences (KSC approach).

For the Basic section, KSCs were stratified in four subsections (1) Medical imaging analysis and AI Basics; (2) Implementation of AI applications in clinical practice; (3) Big data and enterprise imaging, and (4) Quality, Regulatory and Ethical Issues of AI processes. For the Advanced section instead, a common block was proposed to be further elaborated by each subspecialty core curriculum. The learning outcomes were also translated into a syllabus of a more traditional format, including practical applications.