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Quarantine is a major stressful event disrupting social zeitgebers for people who have had contact with infected individuals, especially for vulnerable individuals with a hypersensitive reward system. Stress could act as a trigger in the onset of manic episode, so psychological support should be more targeted at the vulnerable individuals in the initial phase of emergent crisis.

Quarantine is a major stressful event disrupting social zeitgebers for people who have had contact with infected individuals, especially for vulnerable individuals with a hypersensitive reward system. Stress could act as a trigger in the onset of manic episode, so psychological support should be more targeted at the vulnerable individuals in the initial phase of emergent crisis.

The precise relationships among depression, risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and incident CVD remain uncertain. This study examined the joint effect of depression and other CVD risk factors on the incidence of CVD.

We conducted a prospective cohort study using South Korea's National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC). To estimate incident CVD, 199,544 participants without CVD diagnosed with depression between 2003 and 2005 were followed through 2013. Tacrine ic50 The clinician's diagnosis used measurements for depression, CVD risk factors, and CVD.

Controlling for other CVD risk factors, depressed individuals had a higher risk for ischemic heart disease (AHR, 1.01; 99%%CI, 1.01-1.50) and other forms of heart disease likely related to atherosclerosis (AHR, 1.43; 99%%CI, 1.13-1.82). There were no statistically significant interactions between depression and CVD risk factors. However, when depression was comorbid with overweight or diabetes, there was a higher risk for incident ischemic heart disease, as compared to depression or CVD risk factors alone. For other forms of heart disease likely related to atherosclerosis, the coexistence of depression and physical inactivity or overweight showed a similar pattern to that shown in ischemic heart disease.

The severity of depression was not reported for depressed patients, and our dataset provided a limited number of covariates. Also, the self-reported health behavior data may be biased.

As depression could be a significant predictor of incident CVD independently with other CVD risk factors, professionals should recognize and manage depression as a major CVD risk factor.

As depression could be a significant predictor of incident CVD independently with other CVD risk factors, professionals should recognize and manage depression as a major CVD risk factor.

Evidences suggest that inflammatory marker-mediated neuroplasticity contributes critically to brain changes following antidepressant treatment. To date, no study has examined the relationship between changes in hippocampal volume, depressive symptoms, and inflammatory markers following repeated ketamine treatment.

Forty-four patients with major depressive disorder received six intravenous ketamine (0.5mg/kg) infusions over 12 days. The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used to assess depressive symptoms, andperipheral blood was collected to test multiple cytokines and tryptophan (TRP) metabolites at baseline, 24h and 14 days after the sixth infusion (day 13 and day 26). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were carried out at baseline and day13, and FreeSurfer software was used to process the T1 images and analyze hippocampal volume.

Following ketamine, a significant improvement in depressive symptoms, a small increase in right hippocampal volume and alterations in inflammatory markers was found. No significant association was found between changes in inflammatory markers and changes in hippocampal volume from baseline to day 13 (P>0.05), while a weak association was found between TRP metabolite changes and other cytokine changes from baseline to day 26 (beta=-0.357, t=-2.600, P=0.013).

The patients continued receiving previous medications during ketamine treatment, which may have impacted hippocampal volume and inflammatory markers.

Hippocampal volume increase following ketamine was an independent neurobiological effect that was not associated with changes in peripheral inflammatory markers, suggesting a likely complex neurobiological mechanism of the antidepressant effect of ketamine.

Hippocampal volume increase following ketamine was an independent neurobiological effect that was not associated with changes in peripheral inflammatory markers, suggesting a likely complex neurobiological mechanism of the antidepressant effect of ketamine.

Nurses have high rates of sleep problems, and higher risk of suicide than the general population. However, there is no empirical evidence showing the extent to which sleep problems among nurses are related to suicidal ideation.

Multistage stratified cluster sampling was performed to recruit nurses from tertiary hospitals in Shandong, China. Item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess suicidal ideation. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess different subtypes of sleep problems.

Overall prevalence of suicidal ideation among the sample was 10.8%. Nurses with sleep problems were at high risk for suicidal ideation (

OR=1.79, 95% CI=1.20-2.65). Among different sleep problem subtypes, only "cannot breathe comfortably" was independently related to suicidal ideation. Different subtypes of sleep problems had cumulative effects on suicidal ideation the more subtypes of sleep problems nurses experienced, the higher the likelihood of suicidal ideation.

The cross-sectional study design prevents inferring causation, and the use of self-report measures may lead to recall bias. Other physical/mental conditions, besides depression, were not assessed. Statistical power may have been insufficient due to the small sub-sample who reported suicidal ideation. Also, the generalizability of the results is limited, as the sample only comprised nurses in tertiary hospitals.

Nurses experiencing sleep problems were associated with increased likelihood of suicidal ideation. It may be beneficial to incorporate sleep problems into routine screening and intervention for suicide prevention in clinical practice.

Nurses experiencing sleep problems were associated with increased likelihood of suicidal ideation. It may be beneficial to incorporate sleep problems into routine screening and intervention for suicide prevention in clinical practice.