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The concept of age acceleration, the difference between biological age and chronological age, is of growing interest, particularly with respect to age-related disorders, such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Whilst studies have reported associations with AD risk and related phenotypes, there remains a lack of consensus on these associations. Here we aimed to comprehensively investigate the relationship between five recognised measures of age acceleration, based on DNA methylation patterns (DNAm age), and cross-sectional and longitudinal cognition and AD-related neuroimaging phenotypes (volumetric MRI and Amyloid-β PET) in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Significant associations were observed between age acceleration using the Hannum epigenetic clock and cross-sectional hippocampal volume in AIBL and replicated in ADNI. selleck inhibitor In AIBL, several other findings were observed cross-sectionally, including a significant association between hippocampal volume and the Hannum and Phenoage epigenetic clocks. Further, significant associations were also observed between hippocampal volume and the Zhang and Phenoage epigenetic clocks within Amyloid-β positive individuals. However, these were not validated within the ADNI cohort. No associations between age acceleration and other Alzheimer's disease-related phenotypes, including measures of cognition or brain Amyloid-β burden, were observed, and there was no association with longitudinal change in any phenotype. This study presents a link between age acceleration, as determined using DNA methylation, and hippocampal volume that was statistically significant across two highly characterised cohorts. The results presented in this study contribute to a growing literature that supports the role of epigenetic modifications in ageing and AD-related phenotypes.Particulate matter is one of the key contributors of air pollution and climate change. Long-term exposure to constituents of air pollutants has exerted serious health implications in both humans and plants leading to a detrimental impact on economy. Among the pollutants contributing to air quality determination, particulate matter has been linked to serious health implications causing pulmonary complications, cardiovascular diseases, growth retardation and ultimately death. In agriculture, crop yield is also negatively impacted by the deposition of particulate matter on stomata of the plant which is alarming and can cause food security concerns. The deleterious impact of air pollutants on human health, agricultural and economic well-being highlights the importance of quantifying and forecasting particulate matter. Several deterministic and deep learning models have been employed in the recent years to forecast the concentration of particulate matter. Among them, deep learning models have shown promising resulnable the government in enacting policies to contain it.

To analyze an intervention that delivered tailored clinic staff training on postpartum depression (PPD) followed by awareness raising and social support aimed at lowering PPD among low-income Bedouin women in southern Israel.

We conducted a non-randomized controlled trial at two women's health clinics. The study included 332 of the 384 eligible women recruited at baseline (intervention = 169, control = 163), who completed two face-to-face interviews, one at 26-38weeks of pregnancy (Time 1) and one 2-4months postpartum (Time 2). PPD was measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and dichotomized using a ≥ 10 score cutoff. We calculated EPDS change (rate difference of dichotomous EPDS from Time 1 to Time 2) (no change, positive change, or negative change), and compared EPDS changes in a control clinic vs. an intervention clinic.

The intervention group showed a greater decrease in dichotomous EPDS ≥ 10 between times 1 and 2 (38.5% to 17.2%) than the control group (31.9% to 29.4%, PV = 0.008). Multinomial logistic regression showed that high PPD awareness significantly contributed to positive EPDS change in the intervention group (PV = 0.003) and high social support significantly protected against negative EPDS change in both groups, intervention (PV = 0.001) and control (PV = 0.003).

In low-income women, an intervention focusing on increasing PPD awareness and social support following staff training was associated with reduced EPDS and positive EPDS change following the intervention. Similar interventions should be implemented in women's clinics during pregnancy.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02862444.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02862444.

Community forum participants voted for an education and resource distribution program (using a baby box) to help reduce local infant mortality. Although multiple sites have implemented similar programs, there is limited peer-reviewed literature about outcomes.

A retrospective pre- and immediate post-survey design with an intervention (video and written education and resource distribution) in between was utilized with a follow-up survey. The primary research objectives were whether viewing educational videos led to change in self-reported likelihood of select maternal behaviors. Other objectives were whether demographic characteristics were associated with self-reported likelihood of behaviors, and to assess the actual self-reported postpartum behavior.

Participants reported a change in likelihood in asking a WIC counselor for help (p < 0.001); talking with a provider about substance use (p = 0.014), postpartum depression (p < 0.001) and birth control (p = 0.025); and using the baby box as a sleepibution may be beneficial in other cities.

The program positively impacted self-reported likelihood of several health behaviors. A community-driven approach to maternal education and resource distribution may be beneficial in other cities.

Panax notoginseng PnMYB2 is a transcriptional activator of primary and secondary cell wall formation by promoting the PCW-specific gene CesA3 and key lignin biosynthetic gene CCoAOMT1, respectively. R2R3-MYB transcription factors play important roles in regulation secondary cell wall (SCW) formation. However, there are few reports on the functions of MYB transcription factors which involved in both primary cell wall (PCW) and SCW formation. Here, we isolated an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, PnMYB2, from Panax notoginseng roots which are widely used in Chinese traditional medicines and contain abundant cellulose and lignin. The expression pattern of PnMYB2 was similar to the accumulation pattern of cellulose and lignin contents in different organs. PnMYB2 localized in the nucleus and may function as a transcriptional activator. Overexpression of PnMYB2 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced cellulose and lignin biosynthesis, and remarkably increased thickness of PCW and SCW in the stem of transgenic plants comparrase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) results verified that PnMYB2 could bind and activate the promoters of AtCesA3 and PnCesA3, which are the PCW-specific cellulose biosynthetic genes, and AtCCoAOMT1 and PnCCoAOMT1, which are the key lignin biosynthetic genes. These results demonstrated the central role of PnMYB2 in PCW-specific cellulose formation and SCW-specific lignin biosynthesis.This study aimed to investigate the effect of extracellular Aβ42 on neural cell migration, and the possible molecular mechanisms. Extracellular Aβ42 monomers did not negatively affect the motility of neural cells; however, they could promote cell migration from toxic extracellular Aβ42 oligomers. Contrastingly, extracellular Aβ42 aggregates, especially Aβ42 oligomers, significantly decreased neural cell migration while reducing their survival. Further, their soluble and deposited states showed different effects in causing the neural cells to become inert (incapable of moving). These findings were consistent with that of binding of Aβ42 oligomers to the plasma membrane or integrin receptors of the inert cells. By combining the protection of cell migratory capability by anti-oligomeric Aβ42 scFv antibody with the information obtained from our docking model of the Aβ42 trimer and integrin molecule, our findings suggest that extracellular Aβ42 aggregates disrupt the function of integrins mainly through the RHDS motif of Aβ42 chain, which eventually causes neural cells to become inert. Thus, we propose an "anchor" opinion, where Aβ42 aggregates in the ECM serve as the adverse "anchors" in the brain for anchoring neurons and for making neural cells inert, which causes their dysfunction. The neural cells with damaged motility could be restored or repaired if these anchoring effects of extracellular Aβ42 aggregates on the neural cells were severed or reduced, even if the "anchors" themselves were not completely eliminated. Medicines targeting soluble and deposited anchors of Aβ42 aggregates could be developed into effective treatments for Alzheimer disease.

It is unknown if foveal hypoplasia in full-term born children differs in structure and function from that observed in children born preterm. We compared macular structure and visual function in children with history of prematurity and full-term children diagnosed with foveal hypoplasia.

We compared three groups of subjects (3-18years old) (1) full-term hypoplasia (FH, n = 56, gestational age ≥ 36weeks); (2) preterm hypoplasia (n = 57, gestational age ≤ 31weeks, birth weight ≤ 1500g); (3) control (n = 54), full-term normal. Using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography volume-scan images, macular structure within 3mm of Early-Treatment-Diabetic-Retinopathy-Study circle was segmented. Total, inner, and outer foveal thickness of right eyes were compared. Foveal hypoplasia was graded according to the Leicester Grading System.

The mean total foveal thickness in micrometers was 263 ± 19 for the control, 299 ± 30 for the full-term hypoplasia, and 294 ± 28 for the preterm hypoplasia groups (F = 33, p < 0.001). Foveal inner retinal layer thickness differed among groups (p < 0.001), but not in the outer layers (p = 0.10). The full-term hypoplasia group had significantly thicker foveal inner layers (p < 0.05) and greater frequency of higher-grade hypoplasia than the preterm hypoplasia group. LogMAR visual acuity was worse in the full-term hypoplasia group (0.35 ± 0.36) than in the preterm hypoplasia group (0.19 ± 0.27, p < 0.001).

Fovea was thicker in both hypoplasia groups. The full-term hypoplasia group is associated with more severe structure changes and poorer visual function than the preterm hypoplasia group.

Fovea was thicker in both hypoplasia groups. The full-term hypoplasia group is associated with more severe structure changes and poorer visual function than the preterm hypoplasia group.

To assess the clinical features, treatment factors, and long-term visual and anatomical outcomes of optic disc pit maculopathy (ODPM) in Korean patients.

Consecutive patients diagnosed between January 2000 and September 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and anatomical changes (determined by macular thickness reduction and fluid resorption). Secondary outcomes included factors associated with poor visual outcomes (> 3-line decrease or < 20/200 vision).

Of the 24 eyes (24 patients, mean age, 42.8years) in this study, two peak incidence groups were noted children younger than 14years (six patients; mean age, 9.7years) and middle-aged adults (18 patients; 53.8years). There were no significant differences between groups in terms of clinical features, treatment, and outcomes (P > 0.05). The primary treatment involved immediate (7 eyes) or delayed (9) vitrectomy, laser only (2), or observation only (6). Good (50%) or partial (33%) anatomical response was noted in most cases at the final follow-up (P > 0.