Brogaardbrennan2931

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography (US) in determining the surface irregularity of carotid artery plaques. Material and methods This study included 50 patients (20 females and 30 males) aged between 56 and 82 years with plaques in the carotid artery which were detected during routine neck ultrasound. Simultaneously these cases were evaluated in terms of plaque echogenicities and surface characteristics with 2D and 3D US. Results 3D imaging was successfully performed in 45 of the 50 cases and the technical success rate was 90%. A single plaque was detected in 64.4% of the patients, with the remaining 35.6% having more than one plaque. The lengths of the plaques ranged from 2 to 12 mm (mean 3.98 ±1.70 mm); the widths ranged from 1.8 to 3.2 mm (mean 2.11 ±0.37 mm). No significant difference was found between 2D and 3D plaque echo-structures (observer 1, p = 0.317; observer 2, p = 0.276), but there were significant differences between 2D and 3D plaque surface irregularities (observer 1, p = 0.002; observer 2, p = 0.004). The inter-observer agreement on 2D and 3D plaque echo-structure and surface irregularity was very good (k coefficients were 0.89 and 0.83, respectively, for echo-structure, and 0.91 and 0.95, respectively, for surface irregularity). Conclusions The present study shows that 3D US examination is a valuable non-invasive method for investigation of surface irregularity of carotid artery plaques. Copyright © 2019 Termedia & Banach.Introduction Non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is one of the signs for poor prognosis of cerebral infarction (CI), but its risk factors had never been explored. In this study, we analyzed the potential effect of collateral circulation on prognosis prediction of triiodothyronine for large artery atherosclerosis cerebral infarction (LAA-CI) patients. Material and methods Clinical data of CI patients between 2012 and 2014 were collected. Imaging inspection was used for determining TOAST classification and evaluating collateral circulation. One-year follow-up was conducted for mRS score by telephone. Results T3 level in the NTIS group (p = 0.001) was significantly decreased while TSH level (p less then 0.001) was increased. Patients in the NTIS group had a poorer prognosis (p = 0.008) and the main reason was the high mortality (p = 0.002). CPI-0610 NTIS predicted poor collateral circulation (p = 0.026) and good collateral circulation tended to be less likely concomitant with NTIS (p = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that triiodothyronine concentrations (OR = 4.760, 95% CI 1.981-11.456, p less then 0.001) were positively correlated with but advanced age (OR = 0.756, 95% CI 0.645-0.886, p = 0.001) negatively with opening of collateral circulation. Conclusions Poor opening of collateral circulation was likely to mediate the prediction of NTIS for prognosis of LAA-CI patients. Copyright © 2019 Termedia & Banach.Introduction We aimed to examine serum endocan level and the summary involvement of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation by calculation of its comprehensive score (i.e. Dyslipidemia-Oxy-Inflammation (DOI) score) in relation to glucoregulation in subjects with prediabetes and overt type 2 diabetes (T2D). Material and methods A total of 59 patients with prediabetes and 102 patients with T2D were compared with 117 diabetes-free controls. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), inflammation, OS and lipid parameters were measured. Associations of clinical data with HbA1c level were tested with univariate and multivariate logistic ordinal regression analysis. HbA1c as a dependent variable is given at the ordinal level (i.e. 6.4%, respectively). Results Endocan was significantly higher in the T2D group than in the controls. As endocan concentration rose by 1 unit, the probability for higher HbA1c concentration increased by more than 3 times (OR = 3.69, 95% CI 1.84-7.01, p less then 0.001). Also, a rise in the dyslipidemia score, oxy score, inflammation score and DOI score by 1 unit increased the probability of higher HbA1c concentration by 19%, 13%, 51% and 11%, respectively. In the models, after adjustment for confounding variables, endocan and DOI score remained independent predictors of HbA1c level. Conclusions Endocan and DOI score are independently correlated with HbA1c in patients with prediabetes and overt T2D. Copyright © 2019 Termedia & Banach.Introduction The aim of the present study was to assess changes in the incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in children and adolescents in Hungary during the period 2001 to 2016 in order to provide nationwide population-based epidemiology data on diabetes in youths aged 0-18 years. Material and methods This was a retrospective cohort study of Hungarian children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger. Pharmacologically treated diabetes cases were obtained through a population-based registry of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund. Time series analysis was used to evaluate the changing patterns of the incidence and prevalence for type 1 and type 2 diabetes covering a 16-year period. Results During the study period, 6,138 and 1,997 new T1DM and T2DM cases were observed, respectively. Newly diagnosed T2DM cases accounted for 24.5% of all incident diabetes cases. Incidence of T1DM increased from 16/100,000 to 23/100,000 (R 2 = 0.7681; p less then 0.0001). The maasing. The decrease in male-to-female ratio in newly diagnosed T2DM cases needs further investigations. Copyright © 2019 Termedia & Banach.Hypopituitarism in neonates is rare, but has life-threatening complications if untreated. This review describes the features of hypopituitarism and the evidence for which infants in whom a genetic cause should be suspected. Importantly, neonates are often asymptomatic or present with non-specific symptoms. Hypopituitarism can be due to abnormal gland development as a result of genetic defects, which result from mutations in gene coding for transcription factors which regulate pituitary development. The mutations can be divided into those causing isolated hypopituitarism or those causing syndromes with associated hypopituitarism. The latter involve mutations in transcription factors which regulate pituitary, as well as extra-pituitary development. There is a paucity of evidence as to which patients should be investigated for genetic mutations, but detailed clinical and biochemical phenotyping with magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland could help target those in whom genetic investigations would be most appropriate.