Broewoodward8539

In contrast, high between-person levels of personal self-expansion were associated with lower passion through lower levels of intimacy, suggesting that individuals may drift apart from their partners with more chronic personal self-expansion (Studies 1, 2, and 3). That is, consistently growing outside of the relationship in ways that are not shared with a romantic partner may reduce feelings of closeness and connection, and ultimately passion. Results also suggest that chronic personal self-expansion may be a double-edged sword for individual well-being, simultaneously associated with lower passion, but greater fulfillment of competence needs. Results controlled for relational self-expansion and time together. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).From Catholics performing the sign of the cross since the 4th century to Americans reciting the Pledge of Allegiance since the 1890s, group rituals (i.e., predefined sequences of symbolic actions) have strikingly consistent features over time. Seven studies (N = 4,213) document the sacrosanct nature of rituals Because group rituals symbolize sacred group values, even minor alterations to them provoke moral outrage and punishment. In Pilot Studies A and B, fraternity members who failed to complete initiation activities that were more ritualistic elicited relatively greater moral outrage and hazing from their fraternity brothers. Study 1 uses secular holiday rituals to explore the dimensions of ritual alteration-both physical and psychological-that elicit moral outrage. Study 2 suggests that altering a ritual elicits outrage even beyond the extent to which the ritual alteration is seen as violating descriptive and injunctive norms. In Study 3, group members who viewed male circumcision as more ritualistic (i.e., Jewish vs. Muslim participants) expressed greater moral outrage in response to a proposal to alter circumcision to make it safer. Study 4 uses the Pledge of Allegiance ritual to explore how the intentions of the person altering the ritual influence observers' moral outrage and punishment. Finally, in Study 5, even minor alterations elicited comparable levels of moral outrage to major alterations of the Jewish Passover ritual. Across both religious and secular rituals, the more ingroup members believed that rituals symbolize sacred group values, the more they protected their rituals-by punishing those who violated them. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).The addition of tertiary carbon radicals generated from N-(acyloxy)phthalimide esters to cyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones and lactones is markedly enhanced by the addition of substoichiometric amounts of a Ln(OTf)3. The reaction is accomplished by irradiation with visible light in the absence of a photosensitizer and is suggested to proceed by excitation of a ternary electron donor-acceptor complex between the NHPI ester, Hantzsch ester, and a Ln(OTf)3.Monoelemental two-dimensional materials (borophene, silicene, etc.) are exciting candidates for electrodes in lithium-ion batteries because of their ultralight molar mass. However, these materials' lithium-ion binding mechanism can be complex as the inherited polymorphism may induce phase changes during the charge-discharge cycles. Here, we combine genetic-algorithm-based bottom-up and stochastic top-down structure searching techniques to conduct thermodynamic scrutiny of the lithiated compounds of 2D allotropes of four elements B, Al, Si, and P. Our first-principles-based high-throughput computations unveil polymorphism-driven lithium-ion binding process and other nonidealities (e.g., bond cleavage, adsorbent phase change, and electroplating), which lacks mention in earlier works. While monolayer B (2479 mAh/g), Al (993 mAh/g), and Si (954 mAh/g) have been demonstrated here as excellent candidates for Li-ion storage, P falls short of the expectation. Our well-designed computational framework, which always searches for lithiated structures at global minima, provides convincing thermodynamical insights and realistic reversible specific-capacity values. This will expectedly open up future experimental efforts to design monoelemental two-dimensional material-based anodes with specific polymorphic structures.The efficient nondestructive assessment of quality and homogeneity for two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 is critically important to advance their practical applications. Here, we presented a rapid and large-area assessment method for visually evaluating the quality and uniformity of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown MoS2 monolayers simply with conventional optical microscopes. This was achieved through one-pot adsorbing abundant sulfur particles selectively onto as-grown poorer-quality MoS2 monolayers in a CVD system without any additional treatment. We further revealed that this favorable adsorption of sulfur particles on MoS2 originated from their intrinsic higher-density sulfur vacancies. Based on unadsorbed MoS2 monolayers, superior performance field effect transistors with a mobility of ∼49 cm2 V-1 s-1 were constructed. Importantly, the assessment approach was noninvasive due to the all-vapor-phase and moderate adsorption-desorption process. Our work offers a new route for the performance and yield optimization of devices by quality assessment of 2D semiconductors prior to device fabrication.Low-environment-sensitive nanoparticles were prepared by enzymatic cross-linking of electrostatic complexes of dextran-grafted whey protein isolate (WPI-Dextran) and chondroitin sulfate (ChS). The effect of transglutaminase (TG) and laccase cross-linking on nanoparticle stability was investigated. Covalent TG cross-linking and grafted dextran cooperatively contributed to the stability of nanoparticles against dissociation and aggregation under various harsh environmental conditions (sharply varying pH, high ionic strength, high temperature, and their combined effects). However, fragmentation induced by laccase treatment did not promote nanoparticle stability. Structural characterization showed that the compact structure promoted by TG-induced covalent isopeptide bonds repressed dissociation against varying environmental conditions and thermal-induced aggregation. Furthermore, the increasing α-helix and decreasing random coil contents benefited the formation of disulfide bonds, further contributing to the enhanced stability of nanoparticles cross-linked by TG, whereas weak hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding as evidenced by the increase in β-sheet and microenvironmental changes were not able to maintain the stability of nanoparticles treated with laccase. Encapsulated cinnamaldehyde presented sustained release from TG-cross-linked nanoparticles, and the bioaccessibility was considerably enhanced to 50.7%. This research developed a novel mild strategy to enhance nanoparticle stability in harsh environments and digestive conditions, which could be an effective delivery vehicle for hydrophobic nutrients and drug applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.The detection of γ-rays at room temperature with high-energy resolution using semiconductors is one of the most challenging applications. The presence of even the smallest amount of defects is sufficient to kill the signal generated from γ-rays which makes the availability of semiconductors detectors a rarity. Lead halide perovskite semiconductors exhibit unusually high defect tolerance leading to outstanding and unique optoelectronic properties and are poised to strongly impact applications in photoelectric conversion/detection. Here we demonstrate for the first time that large size single crystals of the all-inorganic perovskite CsPbCl3 semiconductor can function as a high-performance detector for γ-ray nuclear radiation at room temperature. CsPbCl3 is a wide-gap semiconductor with a bandgap of 3.03 eV and possesses a high effective atomic number of 69.8. We identified the two distinct phase transitions in CsPbCl3, from cubic (Pm-3m) to tetragonal (P4/mbm) at 325 K and finally to orthorhombic (Pbnm) at 316 K. Despite crystal twinning induced by phase transitions, CsPbCl3 crystals in detector grade can be obtained with high electrical resistivity of ∼1.7 × 109 Ω·cm. The crystals were grown from the melt with volume over several cubic centimeters and have a low thermal conductivity of 0.6 W m-1 K-1. The mobilities for electron and hole carriers were determined to ∼30 cm2/(V s). Using photoemission yield spectroscopy in air (PYSA), we determined the valence band maximum at 5.66 ± 0.05 eV. Under γ-ray exposure, our Schottky-type planar CsPbCl3 detector achieved an excellent energy resolution (∼16% at 122 keV) accompanied by a high figure-of-merit hole mobility-lifetime product (3.2 × 10-4 cm2/V) and a long hole lifetime (16 μs). The results demonstrate considerable defect tolerance of CsPbCl3 and suggest its strong potential for γ-radiation and X-ray detection at room temperature and above.The exploration of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) through the rational design of building units with specific sizes, geometries, and symmetries is essential for enriching the structural diversity of porous solids for applications including storage, separation, and conversion. However, it is still a challenge to directly synthesize rare-earth (RE) MOFs with less connected clusters as a thermodynamically favored product. Herein, we report a systematic investigation on the influence of size, rigidity, and symmetry of linkers over the formation of RE-tetracarboxylate MOFs and uncover the critical role of linker desymmetrization in constructing RE-MOFs with eight-connected hexanuclear clusters. Our results on nine new RE-MOFs, PCN-50X (X = 1-9), indicate that utilization of trapezoidal or tetrahedral linkers provides accesses to traditionally unattainable RE-tetracarboxylate MOFs with 8-c hexanuclear nodes, while the introduction of square or rectangular linkers during the assembly of RE-MOFs based on polynuclear clusters typically leads to the MOFs constructed from 12-c nodes with underlying shp topology. By rational linker design, MOFs with two unprecedented (4, 8)-c nets, lxl and jun, can also be obtained. This work highlights linker desymmetrization as a powerful strategy to enhance MOFs' structural complexity and access MOF materials with nondefault topologies that can be potentially used for separation and catalysis.A green method for the sulfination of allenic carbonyl compounds to access a wide variety of vinylic sulfones is developed. This reaction works in aqueous media under very mild conditions. This reaction is atom economic. A wide variety of vinylic sulfones could be obtained in moderate to excellent yields with wide functional group tolerance. The efficiency of this method is demonstrated in some reactions where the desired products can be isolated by filtration.The highly regioselective synthesis of substituted hemiaminal via addition of ethers to quinone imine ketals (QIKs) has been developed under metal-free conditions. In the presence of tetrabutylammonium chloride and potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), QIKs couple efficiently with cyclic and acyclic ethers to give hemiaminals. This strategy offers an easy access to substituted hemiaminal ethers with high functional group tolerance in good to excellent yields.