Breendejesus3554

© The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2019.Alpha lipoic acid (LA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have been well-documented on a variety of functional effects in health foods. The main purpose of this study was focused on the additive anti-inflammatory activity of the combination of LA and CLA in vitro. Raw 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide were treated with LA and CLA individually or in combination at a variety of concentration ranges. Co-treating 25 μM of LA and 25 μM of CLA significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to the same concentration of single LA- or CLA-treated group. The molecular mechanism of anti-inflammation by a combination of these compounds was attributed to extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 (ERK1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Also, the molecular interaction between both compounds was confirmed by NMR. Our findings suggested that the combination of CLA and LA showed potential additive effect on anti-inflammation through the molecular interaction of both compounds. © The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2019.Since the thermoacidophilic raw-starch hydrolyzing α-amylase Gt-amy can effectively hydrolyze corn starch under starch liquefaction conditions, it has potential for many industrial applications. To identify the raw starch-binding domain of Gt-amy, a C-terminal domain (CTD)-truncated mutant (Gt-amy-T) was constructed, and its enzymatic properties were compared with Gt-amy. In comparison to CTD of Gt-amy, which could effectively bind corn starch, the Gt-amy-T could not bind to and hydrolyze corn starch under similar conditions. In addition, Gt-amy-T showed significantly lower thermal activity and thermal stability. Using soluble starch as the substrate, the k cat of Gt-amy-T at 80 °C was approximately 77.9% of that of Gt-amy. The half-life of Gt-amy at 80 °C was 3 h, while that of Gt-amy-T was 2 h. These results reveal that the CTD plays a vital role in raw starch binding and degradation by Gt-amy and helps Gt-amy maintain thermal activity and stability. © The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2019.In the present study, variety of fruit vinegars were investigated in terms of their physicochemical, microbiological and bioactive properties. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were in the range of 933-1162 mg GAE/L and 66.64-470.86 mg/L in terms of catechin equivalents, respectively. During the evaluation of antioxidant activity via DPPH and ABTS assay, samples showed the activity as in the range of 0.047-0.302 and 0.413-0.885 µg TE/mL, respectively. The counts of AAB, LAB and yeast-mold were found in the range of  less then  2-6.32,  less then  1-5.39 and  less then  1-3.97 log CFU/mL, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of vinegars was tested against nine bacteria by broth microdilution assay. Most of the samples were found inhibitive against test cultures at concentrations between 3.12 and 6.25% (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, v/v), while apple vinegar was inhibitive at higher concentrations. These results indicated the high potential of fruit vinegars as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents that could be used as functional food ingredients. © The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2019.Diverse edible oils including perilla, corn, soybean, canola, sunflower, olive, and grape seed oils were mixed with heat-stabilized rice bran to extract γ-oryzanol from the rice bran. The oxidative stabilities of the oils with or without extraction were compared by analyzing the headspace oxygen content, conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) values, and p-anisidine values (p-AV). Grape seed oil extracted significantly high γ-oryzanol content while canola oil extracted lowest γ-oryzanol content (p  less then  0.05). All the solvent oils except corn oil possessed enhanced oxidative stability at 100 °C after extracting γ-oryzanol from stabilized rice bran, based on the results of the headspace oxygen depletion and CDA methods. However, all the recovered oils had high p-AV than vegetable oils. Especially, perilla oil had an exceptionally high p-AV, which may be due to its high linolenic acid content. © The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2019.Esterified maltodextrins (EMs) were prepared using enzyme-catalyzed reaction of maltodextrin (DE of 16 and 9) and palmitic acid. The emulsion stabilization mechanism was investigated of a combination of Tween 80 and EM in oil-in-water emulsion to determine interfacial tension, ζ-potential, non-adsorbed Tween 80 in centrifuged-serum of emulsion, and fluoresced microstructure. The interfacial tension and non-adsorbed Tween 80 content of combination of Tween 80 and EM-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions were closed to those of sole Tween 80-stabilized emulsion. The ζ-potential of sole Tween 80-stabilzed emulsion had a small positive charge but ζ-potential changed to small negative charge as EM was added into Tween 80-stabilzed emulsion. Fluorescence microstructure confirmed that EM was adsorbed on oil droplet surface, stabilized by Tween 80. The mechanism of emulsion stabilization may conclude that Tween 80 was mainly adsorbed at oil surface and EM may interact with Tween 80 to form a double stabilization layer without competitive replacement. © The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2019.Extraction process was optimized for maximizing the contents of functional compounds from ginger using response surface methodology which applied Box-Behnken design. Ginger extracts were obtained at 3 levels of ethanol concentration (0-70%) of solvent, extraction time (30-90 min), and extraction temperature (50-70 °C) as independent variables. selleckchem The 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol of the extracts were analyzed through HPLC. The significance of each term in polynomial regression equations was evaluated on functional compound contents and extraction yield in extraction process. It was verified that the regression equations were accurate with high determination coefficients over 0.892. The optimum ethanol concentration, extraction time, and extraction temperature for extraction yield were determined as 41.38%, 78.16 min, and 70 °C, respectively. The functional compound contents predicted at optimal conditions were as follows 39.55 mg/g at 70%, 70 min, and 70 °C for 6-gingerol, 2.44 mg/g at 70%, 51.90 min, and 62.29 °C for 6-shogaol.