Braunvendelbo3743

Our results provide useful guidance for realizing the commercial applications of MAPbI3-based perovskite solar cells.Bismuthene with a similar layered lattice structure belonging to group VA is regarded as a kind of novel two-dimensional material and has excellent properties such as small indirect bandgap (less than 1 eV) and unique electronic properties, etc. Based on the large magnitude of third-order nonlinear susceptibility and high carrier motility, bismuthene can be considered as a promising material for various optoelectronics, electronics, and nonlinear optics. Compared with the mass research focusing on the few-layer bismuthene, we prefer to experimentally study the characteristics and nonlinear optical properties of bismuthene nanosheets in this paper. Compared with other kinds of 2D materials, bismuthene nanosheets present high modulate depth over 7.7%. The possibility use of sheets-structured bismuthene as saturable absorbers (SA) is therefore a technically important issue in laser technology. Here, for the first time, it is demonstrated that bismuthene nanosheets can be served as a SA to readily generate a harmonic dual-wavelength mode-locked picosecond pulse in a highly nonlinear fiber laser. Temsirolimus supplier A harmonic mode-locked pulse order from 1th to 20th is obtained at the pump power from 43.2 to 201.5 mW. When the pump power greater than 408 mW, a 52th harmonic dual-wavelength pulse (corresponding to the repetition of 208 MHz) has been obtained. This study demonstrates the bismuthene saturable absorption is an intrinsic property without relying on structural dimension. Our work attests the promise of this material in the dual-wavelength optical communication field and dynamics of mode-locked pulses in a highly nonlinear fiber laser. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Three-dimensional (3D) biofabrication techniques enable the production of multicellular tissue models as assay platforms for drug screening. The increased cellular and physiological complexity in these 3D tissue models should recapitulate the relevant biological environment found in the body. Here we describe the use of 3D bioprinting techniques to fabricate skin equivalent tissues of varying physiological complexity, including human epidermis, non-vascularized and vascularized full-thickness skin tissue equivalents, in a multi-well platform to enable drug screening. Human keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and pericytes, and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived endothelial cells were used in the biofabrication process to produce the varying complexity. The skin equivalents exhibit the correct structural markers of dermis and epidermis stratification, with physiological functions of the skin barrier. The robustness, versatility and reproducibility of the biofabrication techniques are further highlighted by tfer an in vitro approach for the rapid understanding of pathological mechanisms, and testing for efficacy of action and toxic effects of drugs. Not subject to copyright in the USA. Contribution of National Institute of Health.The dynamic behaviors of a DW pinned by a notch pair or a single notch with different notch depth are studied. It is found that, in a relatively large current density range, the oscillation frequency of the DW becomes frozen and independent on current density when pinned by a notch pair with the notch depth larger than 12 nm. The current density range for frequency freeze can be tuned by the notch depth. A chain of notch pairs is design to introduce more pinned DW into the nanowire. By increasing the number of the DWs and applying a proper magnetic field, the oscillation amplitude can be greatly enhanced. Our finding suggests nanowires with a series of deep notch pairs may have an important application for the development of domain wall based spin-transfer nano-oscillators (DWSTOs) with a high tolerance for current fluctuation. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Measurement of the viscoelastic properties of a cell using microscopic tracer particles has been complicated given that the medium viscosity is dependent upon the size of the measurement probe leading to reliability issues. Further, a technique for direct calibration of optically trapped particles in vivo has been elusive due to the frequency dependence and spatial inhomogeneity of the cytoplasmic viscosity, and the requirement of accurate knowledge of the medium refractive index. Here, we employ a recent extension of Jeffery's model of viscoelasticity in the microscopic domain to fit the passive motional power spectra of micrometer-sized optically trapped particles embedded in a viscoelastic medium. We find excellent agreement between the 0 Hz viscosity in MCF7 cells and the typical values of viscosity in literature, between 2 to 16 mPa sec expected for the typical concentration of proteins inside the cytoplasmic solvent. This bypasses the dependence on probe size by relying upon small thermal displacements. Our measurements of the relaxation time also match values reported with magnetic tweezers, at about 0.1 s. Finally, we calibrate the optical tweezers and demonstrate the efficacy of the technique to the study of in vivo translational motion.The sensorimotor system of fish endows them with remarkable swimming performance that is unmatched by current underwater robotic vehicles. In an effort to close the gap between the capabilities of fish and the capabilities of underwater vehicles engineers are investigating how fish swim. In particular, engineers are exploring the sensorimotor systems of fish that control the motion of fins. It is generally accepted that specialized neural circuits (known as central pattern generators) within the sensorimotor system produce the periodic drive signal that is used to control the motion of fins. An important aspect of these circuits is that their output signal can be modified by sensory feedback. Specifically, the way in which sensory feedback signals are applied to a CPG (i.e. the sensory feedback topology) affects the CPG's entrainment characteristics. This has been shown in simulation but has not been investigated in a robot interacting in the real-world. Furthermore, CPG-based control has only limitedly been applied to fish like robots and many questions remain as to how it should be applied to these types of systems.