Braunfrederiksen1681

Conclusions Findings indicate that the SHIP protocol is an effective strategy for observing self-help behavior and examining factors that influence goal selection. The increase in sleep duration suggests that individuals may be successful at extending their own sleep, though causal mechanisms have not yet been established. This study presents a lab-based protocol for studying self-help sleep improvement behavior and takes an initial step toward gaining knowledge required to improve sleep health recommendations.We performed comparative analysis of paracrine activity of neuronal and glial progenitors derived from induced pluripotent stem cells under conditions of hypoxia modeled by addition of cobalt dichloride. Neuronal and glial progenitors produced neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects on SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells in co-culture during the post-hypoxic recovery and reduced the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells. Moreover, they produced a neurotrophic effect and promote the formation and growth of neurites in neuroblastoma cells. The paracrine effect of glial progenitors was more pronounced, which can be explained by more intensive expression and secretion of neurotrophic factors in these cells.Telocytes, a new type of interstitial stem cells with long thin processes that form a three-dimensional network around cardiomyocytes, vessels, and nerve fibers were described in the myocardium of children with tetralogy of Fallot. Two types of morphologically different telocytes, spindle-shaped and rounded, were identified. Contacts of telocytes with stem cells and interstitial macrophages were found. Telocytes were more common in the immature myocardium, where the assembly of myofibrils in cardiomyocytes was not completed and small Ki-67+ cardiomyocyte progenitor cells were present. Telocytes expressed immunohistochemical markers CD117, vimentin, CD34, and CD44. Localization and ultrastructural characteristics of telocytes suggested their participation in stem cell differentiation, coordination of neoangiogenesis, and paracrine regulation of all components of the interstitium.We analyzed the main properties of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) used for the treatment of radiation-induced lesions in the rectum. No statistically significant correlation between the main characteristics of the cell product (cell number, viability) and patient's age or donor area were revealed. The stages and peculiarities of histological changes in the regenerating tissue after injection of autologous adipose tissue cells were analyzed. Morphological changes at the stages of granulation, early and complete epithelialization, and tissue maturation were described.Bioactive coatings on implants affect osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). We studied the morphofunctional state of bone marrow MSC cultured on the surface of calcium phosphate coatings on titanium formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The biocompatible properties of the coatings manifested in the absence of the cytotoxic effect on cells. High expression of receptors (CD90, CD29, and CD106), enhanced synthesis of osteocalcin and osteopontin, and changes in surface architectonics of MSC adherent to the samples confirmed osteoinductive properties of the calcium phosphate PEO coating.We analyzed the suitability of various collagen-based scaffolds for culturing and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). Decellularized and lyophilized swine intestinal submucosa (SIS) and porous collagen sponge made from reconstructed bovine derma (PCS) were the most effective in promoting MSC adhesion, survival, and growth. MSC from rat and mouse bone marrow and rat adipose tissue successfully adhered to the scaffold surface and penetrated into its deep layers. These scaffolds were also the most effective in inducing osteogenesis. These results indicate that microarchitectonics of PCS and SIS is optimal for support of MSC growth and osteogenic differentiation.Light luminescent microscopy was used to study the distribution of extracellular microvesicles with PKH26-stained membranes secreted by placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in the uterine tissues at different terms after injections to intact rats and after abdominal delivery (a model of cesarian section). Microvesicles migrated through the uterine tissues and were detected for at least 8 days after injection. In some cases, microvesicles were more numerous in the uterus after cesarian section modeling, which can be related to blockade of microcirculation and lymph flow due to inflammation accompanying surgical intervention. The content of microvesicles in the uterine tissues gradually declined due to macrophage phagocytosis and, probably, due to their migration into the vascular bed. Despite their size, properly stained extracellular microvesicles can be detected by light microscopy in tissues after injections.An association was found between reduced expression of miR-34a, miR-146a with both metastasis to regional lymph nodes (relative risk RR=10.50 and RR=5.25, respectively) and the development of distant metastases (RR=9.50 and RR=4, 40, respectively) in gastric cancer. They are excellent classifiers AUC>0.9 for both miRNAs. The association of miR-335 expression with metastasis to the lymph nodes is much weaker, but it is also a good classifier for identifying a group with distant metastasis (RR=5.90). A correlation was found between the expression of miR-34a and miR-146a during metastasis, which is absent in non-metastatic tumors. Thus, miR-34a, miR-146a, and miR-335 miRNAs can be proposed as candidates for biomarkers of the risk of gastric cancer metastasis.We studied the response of the extracellular matrix of the lungs and liver in mice with BCGinduced granulomatosis (3 months) after inhalation and intraperitoneal administration of liposome-encapsulated dextrazide (LEDZ) a conjugate of oxidized dextran (40 kDa) and isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH). LEDZ inhalation proved to be more effective in reducing fibrosis severity, both in the lungs and liver. However, the mechanisms of the antifibrotic effect were different increased degradation and reduced collagen synthesis in the lungs and reduced collagen synthesis and collagen degradation in the liver. This suggest that drug administration routes and delivery to the target organs are crucially important in the therapy of tuberculosis. MK-8353 molecular weight The antifibrotic effect depended on LEDZ administration route and was more potent after LEDZ inhalation.The effects of a new derivative of benzimidazole (K-134) in doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg on the spermatogenesis and fertilizing ability of spermatozoa were studied on male rats. It was found that 2-month course treatment with the studied substance enhances the producing ability of the spermatogenic epithelium and improves fertilizing ability of spermatozoa.Morphological, morphometric, and ultrastructural analysis of the nerve fibers in the colon mucosa was performed in C57BL/6 mice at various terms of development of acute colitis induced by dextran sodium sulphate. The nerve fibers were labeled with antibodies to pan-neuronal marker βIII-tubulin. The progression of inflammatory and ulcerative processes in the mucosa on days 3-5 was associated with hyperplasia and hypertrophy of nerve fibers that peaked on day 7 after colitis induction. Ultrastructural analysis at all terms of colitis development showed moderate degeneration of axons. Thus, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the nervous fibers in colon mucosa in experimental acute colitis correlated with aggravation of the ulcerative process in the mucosa. These changes are determined by alteration of histoarchitectonics and regenerative processes in the mucosa.Experimental studies of Perchlozone, an antituberculous drug with manifest inhibitory activity towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, were carried out. Genotoxicity of Perchlozone was evaluated by the DNA comet method on liver and lung tissues and blood cells after 14-day inhalation exposure of rats. The level of DNA aberrations in response to inhalations of the drug in a concentration of 102.6±13.7 mg/m3 increased in lung tissue but not in the blood cells or liver. These results indicated genotoxic activity of antituberculous drug Perchlozone.Paclitaxel in a single MTD of 40 mg/kg caused chromosome aberrations and genome changes (polyploidy) in the bone marrow cells of mice early and 3 months after the injection. The quantity of early precursors of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow decreased, as did their proliferative potential irrespective of the animal gender. Injection of paclitaxel in the MTD caused the development of bone marrow hypoplasia during the early period of observation (up to 14 days) and 3 months after injection.We studied immunotropic properties of synthetic selenium-organic preparation 2,6-dipyridinium-9-selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl dibromide (974zh). The experimental preparation reduced the cAMP/cGMP ratio, which indicated an increase in proliferative activity of cells of immunocompetent organs (thymus and spleen) in experimental animals. It was shown that 974zh intensified the immune response to Yersinia pestis EV thereby increasing the resistance to the plague agent.We examined the effects of salidroside on cognition in rats with vascular dementia and explored the mechanisms of its neuroprotective effects. Sprague-Dawley rats (n=60) were randomly subdivided into 3 equal groups controls, untreated rats with vascular dementia, and rats with vascular dementia treated with salidroside (30 mg/kg for 8 weeks). Vascular dementia was provoked by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. The cognitive function was tested in the Morris water maze. Oxidation stress was assessed by the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde assayed with standard biochemical kits. Expressions of proteins p38, p-p38, and caspase-3 were assessed by Western blotting. In untreated rats with vascular dementia, the cognitive function degraded in parallel with a decrease in superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde accumulation, and activation the expression of p-p38 and caspase-3. Salidroside treatment significantly improved the cognitive functions in rats with vascular dementia and diminished adverse shifts in the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde as well as the changes in the expression of p-p38 and caspase-3 in comparison with similar changes in untreated rats. Moreover, salidroside improved spatial learning and memory in rats with vascular dementia. The therapeutic effect of salidroside is probably based on its antioxidant effects and inhibition of caspase-3-mediated apoptosis via suppression of p38 MAPK signaling pathway.We analyzed cytotoxicity of water-soluble potassium salts of (+)- and (-) usnic acid (UA) for ciliates P. caudatum. The median lethal concentrations for (+)- and (-) enantiomers did not significantly differ and were 7.5±0.5 and 6.7±0.4, respectively. In a concentration of 8 μM, (+)-UA and (-)-UA salts increased the content of TBA-reactive products, which indicates the formation of oxidative stress under the action of high UA concentrations. In the presence of (+)-UA and (-)-UA salts in a concentration range from 2 to 8 μM, the number of food vacuoles in ciliates decreased, which attested to a decrease in phagocytosis activity. The concentrations of UA enantiomers >0.5 μM affected macronucleus morphology (shape and size). The cytotoxic activity of (+)-UA and (-)-UA salts against P. caudatum did not differ.