Brantleyespersen5144

AIM We aimed to determine the prevalence of, and factors associated with maternal use of nicotine products in relation to breastfeeding. METHODS Nicotine use three months postpartum was determined in the Scandinavian PreventADALL mother-child birth cohort study recruiting 1837 women from 2014-16. Electronic questionnaires at 18 weeks pregnancy and three months postpartum provided information on snus use, smoking or other nicotine use, infant feeding and socio-economic factors. The risk of nicotine use in relation to breastfeeding was analysed with logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, 5.6% of women used snus (2.9%), smoked (2.7%) or both (n=2) three months postpartum, while one used other nicotine products. Among the 1717 breastfeeding women 95.1% reported no nicotine use, while 2.4% used snus, 2.5% smoked and one dual user. Compared to 3.7% nicotine use in exclusively breastfeeding women (n=1242), the risk of nicotine use increased by partly (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.45 -3.52) and no breastfeeding (OR 4.58, 95% CI 2.57 -8.21). Nicotine use before (14.5% snus, 16.4% smoking) or in pregnancy (0.2% snus, 0.4% smoking) significantly increased the risk of using nicotine during breastfeeding. CONCLUSION Few breastfeeding women used snus or smoked three months postpartum, with increased risk by nicotine use before or during pregnancy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.It is well known to pathologists that melanoma is "the great mimicker", looking like almost any other tumor, and able to metastasize anywhere in the body. We report a case of a 48-year-old female with a history metastatic melanoma 4years before, presented with a hepatic mass. Microscopic examination of the liver mass revealed sheets of pleomorphic, epithelioid cells, which expressed a pan-melanocytic cocktail (MART1, HMB45 and tyrosinase). These findings were initially interpreted as metastatic melanoma and the case was transferred for dermatopathology consultation. We compared the morphology of this tumor to the primary melanoma and noticed that the primary melanoma showed nevoid cytology, morphologically distinct from the liver lesion. find more Consequently, we performed additional immunohistochemical studies, which determined that the liver mass was negative for S100 and SOX10, and established a final diagnosis of epithelioid angiomyolipoma. The key for reaching the correct diagnosis was the morphology comparison with the original lesion and the evaluation of a wider immunohistochemical profile. For appropriate management in patients with new lesions, even in the context of a patient with known metastatic disease, it is essential to consider other neoplasms in the differential diagnosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.We used domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) as a model for granivorous birds to identify methods to detect recent imidacloprid (IMI) exposure in wild birds. We conducted dosing experiments of 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20% of a reported LD50 for domestic chickens using repeated daily exposures over 7 d, at dosages equating to 1.04, 5.2, 10.4, and 20.8 mg/kg/d. We examined parent compound and metabolites in serial collections of feces and blood during exposures and for 15 d after exposures. We also collected liver, kidney, brain, muscle, and spleen at the experiment end. Mean concentrations of parent compound 15 d post-exposure were highest in the feces and brain, then liver, muscle, spleen, and kidney, but mean concentrations of metabolites 5-OH-IMI and IMI-olefin were highest in feces, then liver, spleen, muscle, kidney, then brain. Imidacloprid was rapidly cleared from blood, with only one individual in any dose group having detectable concentrations after 48 h. In contrast, fecal pellets had the highest frequency of IMI detection after 15 d. Concentrations of metabolites were higher than parent compound at all sampling times examined, but provided no information about time since exposure. Feces may provide a reliable non-lethal method for detection of recent IMI exposure in wild birds. Additional work is needed to disentangle exposure dose concentration and time since exposure in field-collected samples. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.This editorial provides clarifications on the application of the Stage and Grade classification of periodontitis. In particular it describes i) how to apply the extent criterion to the defined Stage of the disease; and ii) how to calculate tooth loss due to periodontitis in Stage III and IV cases presenting with evidently hopeless (irrational to treat) teeth with a clinical definition of such teeth. © 2020 American Academy of Periodontology and John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.OBJECTIVES To determine the detection rates of all types of chromosome aberrations and the residual risk for postnatal diagnosis of an atypical chromosome aberration depending on the strategy for further investigation with either noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) or invasive testing in pregnancies with increased risk following combined first-trimester screening (cFTS). METHODS A review of all pregnancies examined with cFTS during 2010 to 2017. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 129 493 pregnancies. There were 852 (0.7%) clinically significant chromosome aberrations, including aberrations detected later on or after birth. A total of 12% were atypical chromosome aberrations. Considering that 40% were detected due to a miscarriage/intrauterine fetal death or a malformation on ultrasound there is a 0.05% (12000) background risk of a postnatal diagnosis of a liveborn child with an atypical chromosome aberration if no further invasive test is performed during pregnancy. If all women with an increased risk (≥1200) had an invasive test and NIPT was performed up to a risk of 11000, 95% of common trisomies/sex chromosome aberrations and 55% of atypical aberrations would be detected. CONCLUSIONS If NIPT was offered to all women with an increased risk following cFTS it would imply that three times as many children would be born with an atypical chromosome aberration. © 2020 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.