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In the frontal plane (at the end ankle-knee, in the standing phase bilateral hip) a high CoC was observed (in the standing phase knee-trunk CoC on the D side). The EC group had smaller CoCs at initiation event (knee-trunk and bilateral knee CoCs on both sides), the end event (ankle-knee and ankle-hip CoCs on the ND side), and in the standing phase (bilateral hip CoC) in the frontal plane than the other groups. The findings reveal that vector and CoC variables are altered because of long- and short-term restricted visual data and should be a focus in rehabilitation programs. The mechanical environment of the intervertebral disc and spinal loads are intimately associated with low back pain (LBP) caused by mechanical load. The cause and effect relationship between postures and pain has been therapeutically investigated and widely used to guide patient care. Shift of the nucleus pulposus (NP) inside the intervertebral disc when the spine changes posture in the sagittal plane, known also as NP migration, has been observed and quantified in in-vivo studies. However, the effects of this phenomenon on biomechanics of the disc and the surrounding spinal structures has not been investigated. This study aimed to quantify the effects of the NP location in a moderate flexion posture on spinal load and load-sharing using a Finite Element (FE) model of the L4-L5 functional spinal unit (FSU) driven by muscle forces, reaction forces, ligament forces and disc moment predicted by a Musculoskeletal (MSK) model of the trunk. The results showed that intradiscal pressure (IDP) and compressive force are sensitive to the nucleus location while the effects on the center of rotation (CoR), center of reaction (CTR) and moment rotation curves were negligible. Also, our findings revealed that FE models should consider the effects of NP location during bending to predict more realistic results as the nucleus displacement caused by disc bulge predicted by these models is much smaller than the real shift observed in in-vivo. In addition, this study confirmed that position of the rigid joint in MSK models that fix this latter to the CoR, must be modelled carefully for more accurate muscle forces and spinal loads prediction. The process of cleaning motion capture data of aberrant points has been described as "the bane of motion capture operators". Yet, managing the high volume kinematic data generated through in-home neurogames requires data quality control that, executed insufficiently, jeopardizes accuracy of outcomes. To begin to address this issue at the intersection of biomechanics and "big data", we performed a secondary analysis of a neurogame, evaluating gesture count as well as shoulder and elbow joint angle outcomes calculated from kinematic data in which valid gestures were identified through 3 methods visual review of regions of interest by an expert (BP); manufacturer-recommended data smoothing (MS); and automated methods (AI). We hypothesized that upper extremity kinematic outcomes from BP would be matched by AI but not MS methods. From one person with post-stroke hemiparesis, upper-extremity kinematic data were collected for 6 days over 2 weeks using a Microsoft Kinect™-based neurogame. We calculated gesture count, shoulder angle, and elbow angle outcomes from data managed using BP, MS, and AI methods. BP identified 1929 valid gestures total over 6 days which was different than the other two methods (p = 0.0015). In contrast, the AI algorithm with best precision identified 4372 and MS identified 4459 valid gestures. Furthermore, angle outcomes calculated from AI and MS methods resulted in different values than BP (p  less then  0.001 for 5 of 6 variables). More research is needed to automate treatment of high volume, low quality motion data to support investigation of motion associated with in-home rehabilitation neurogames. This study investigated whether toe flexor strength and foot arch height were related to force components during the ground contact phase in vertical jump performance. The toe flexor strength, foot arch height and vertical jump performance were studied in 31 healthy young men. For the measurement of toe flexor strength, participants explosively exerted maximum force on a toe grip dynamometer. selleck The maximum isometric force (Fmax) and the rate of force development (RFD) of the toe flexor strength were evaluated. Foot arch height was assessed as the distance between the navicular tuberosity and the floor. Fmax and foot arch height were normalized by body mass (rFmax) and height, respectively. Three types of vertical jumps without arm swing were performed on a force plate a squat jump (SJ), a countermovement jump (CMJ), and a rebound jump (RJ). Fmax, rFmax and RFD of the toe flexor strength were positively correlated with the vertical jump height in the SJ (r = 0.408, r = 0.452, r = 0.514) and CMJ (r = 0.377, r = 0.444, r = 0.548) and the rebound jump index in the RJ (r = 0.549, r = 0.582, r = 0.575); however, foot arch height was not correlated with the vertical jump performance, and it was only significantly correlated with the minimum ground reaction force relative to body weight during the unloading phase of the CMJ (r = -0.366). These results suggest that the toe flexor strength is an important parametre for enhancing the jump performance. Measures describing movement of the center of pressure (CoP) are frequently used to characterize postural control. Estimates of CoP often focus on forces that individuals exert in a single plane through the feet (standing on force plates). However, balance may also be supported by forces other than those developed at the feet, especially when walkers, handrails, and other aids are used. In these cases, it is common to neglect the contributions of handheld supports. Here, we derive and apply equations for an extended CoP that incorporates handhold forces. We then examine the influence of CoP definition (i.e., including or ignoring handhold forces) on common metrics (path length; RMS and maximum excursion; average and maximum velocity) for 12 younger adults with a handrail located lateral to the participants' dominant hand. Participants attempted balance recovery in response to a range of small, medium and large forward and backward platform translations. Significant interactions between perturbation magnitude and CoP definition were found for most metrics.