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Objective To investigate the efficacy and pregnancy outcome of fertility-preserving treatment for patients with stage Ⅰa, grade 2 endometrial cancer (EC). Methods Clinical data was retrospectively collected for EC or atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) patients treated in Peking University People's Hospital, Foshan First People's Hospital of Guangdong Province and First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, from 2010 to 2019. Inclusion criteria for fertility-preserving treatment included (1) Age ≤45 years. (2) EC with histological differentiation of G(1), G(2) or endometrial AEH. (3) EC disease should be stage Ⅰa, confined to the endometrium without myometrial invasion, lymph node or extrauterine metastasis. Treatment regimen patients were given oral progestin therapy and endometrial pathology was evaluated every three months. Patients were divided into three groups as G(2) EC group, G(1) EC group and AEH group based on the histological differentiation. Oncological and pregnancy outcomes were compncy was shorter in G(2) EC patientsthan the other two groups (4, 9 and 22 months, respectively; P=0.006). Conclusions Fertility-preserving treatment for patients with stageⅠa, G(2) endometrial cancer, may obtain a relatively high remission rate and an acceptable pregnancy rate. However, further exploration is needed due to the limited number of cases.Objective To explore the preliminary clinical values of colposcopy in the diagnosis of vaginal invasion in cervical cancer. Methods A retrospective review of the clinical records of patients (31 cases) with cervical cancer treated in Xuzhou Cancer Hospital from April 2015 to August 2019. For those with early-stage cervical cancer and the vagina invasion being difficult to be determined, those with advanced cervical cancer and the scope of vaginal invasion being difficult to be judged, and those with obvious vaginal tumor and underexposed cervix or inconspicuous cervical lesion and the primary location needing to be identified, colposcopy-guided vaginal and cervix biopsy were performed before treatment. Results (1) Image characteristics of colposcopy and pathological diagnosis among 31 cases, 30 of them had the similar images of vagina and cervix. The images were dense acetowhite and (or) thick mosaic, coarse punctate and atypical vessels. Lugol's staining was uniformly bright yellow or brown. Pathological bioo obvious lesions of cervix and vagina were diagnosed as cervical cancer with vaginal invasion by colposcopy, being consistent with cervical and vaginal biopsy 1 case with stage Ⅳ (transfer to the left supraclavicular lymph node) and 1 case with stage Ⅱ a1. Conclusions Colposcopy and multi-point biopsy have complementary diagnostic value for the cervical cancer cases that the invasion and scope of vagina are difficult to be determined by physical examination and (or) imaging examination. Thus the range of vaginal resection for patients underwent operation and the lower boundary of pelvic radiation field for those underwent radiotherapy could be fixed, so as to make the treatment much more individualized and humanized; the indications need further discussion.Objective To investigate the appropriate method of labor induction in the second trimester for complete placenta previa patients. Methods The labor induction outcomes of 85 cases with complete placenta previa in the second trimester were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty patients in group A were treated with cesarean section, 30 patients in group B were treated with ethacridine and mifepristone combined with uterine artery embolization (UAE), and 35 patients in group C were induced by using ethacridine and mifepristone. The clinical features and induction outcomes of three groups were compared. Results The total duration of labor in group B [(28.7±30.1) hours] was significantly longer than that of group C [(24.3±21.9) hours; P0.05). Conclusion Prophylactic UAE combined with drug induction in patients with complete placenta previa in the second trimester could significantly reduce the amount of bleeding during induction and reduce the risk of emergency procedures.Objective To Analyze the prenatal factors and forecast the success rate of vaginal delivery of twin pregnancy. Methods Totally, 114 cases of twin pregnant women who were under the systematic antenatal care and had deliveries in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from January 2017 to March 2019 were collected. The inclusive criteria were uncomplicated twin pregnancy with head downward position of the first fetus, not monochorioallantoic twin twins, and the willingness for vaginal delivery. Two groups were classified based on their successful vaginal delivery. 96 cases in vaginal delivery group (study group) and 18 cases in the comparison groupwhich were transferred to Caesarean sections during trial delivery. The evaluated prenatal factors included (1) Fetal factors the chorionicity of the twin pregnancy, position of the second fetus, fetal weights and the weight difference of two fetuses. Zasocitinib cell line (2) Maternal factorsthe maternal age, delivery gestational age, parity, body mass index (BMI), reasonability of ween 35 years old 64; no GDM 100, no insulin application in GDM 47, and application of insulin 0; reasonability of weight gain during pregnancy 82; parity≥2 58; and the weight of the second fetus was less than the first 57. The ROC curve was plotted and the area under the curve (AUC) is 0.856 1, which were able to forecast the success rates well, the maximum value of the Youden index was 0.564 7 and the corresponding score was 168. Conclusions maternal age, reasonability of weight gain during pregnancy, the complication of GDM, parity, and the weight of the second fetus less than the first are the influential prenatal factors on vaginal delivery of twin pregnancy. After assigning the influence weight of each influencing factor, when the total score reaches 168 the success rate of vaginal delivery is significantly improved.The case of Charlie Gard raises a number of serious ethical questions, including how a child’s best interests should be assessed, the role of parents in decision-making for a child, the appropriateness of trying untested experimental treatment in a serious ill child, and the allocation of limited healthcare resources. Elsewhere, I have reviewed these questions in some detail and explored the implications for future disputes over medical treatment for children. In this chapter, I will focus on one of the questions that arose in the Gard case and was also raised in the subsequent case of Alfie Evans. If there is disagreement between parents and health professionals about treatment for a child, should courts overrule parents on the basis of an assessment of what would be best for the child, or only if what the parents propose would be harmful for the child? I will largely focus on the ethical question (and leave the more specific legal questions to other commentators in this volume). I outline the ethical case for using a harm threshold test rather than a best interests test, identifying a set of cases where these tests may yield different decisions.