Bramsendobson7305

Poor performance of wet scrubbers in rubber processing plants due to breakthrough of specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) causes odour impact events. The performance of wet scrubbers in the rubber drying process to remove VOCs was investigated in order to determine the responsible odorants. VOC emissions originating at the inlet and outlet of wet scrubbers were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC-MS/O). Critical VOCs were identified alongside seasonal and daily variations of those VOCs. Altogether, 80 VOCs were detected in rubber emissions with 16 classified as critical VOCs based on their chemical concentration, high odour activity value (OAV) and unpleasant odour. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were the dominant VOCs with seasonal variations affecting emission composition. Results demonstrated the ineffectiveness of the wet scrubbers to mitigate odorous VOCs whereas the removal of some VOCs could be improved based on their polarity and solubility. It was found that there is a correlation between the wet scrubber performance and VFAs concentration in the emissions. The findings demonstrated that combining quantitative and sensory analyses improved accuracy in identifying odorous VOCs, which can cause odour annoyance from rubber processing. A VOC identification framework was proposed using both analyses approaches.The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) links China to markets and sources of raw materials around the world while stimulating economic growth in developing countries and leading to widespread and occasionally unexpected social and environmental impacts. Considering that few studies have focused on the trade-embodied social and environmental impacts and two-way impact mechanisms throughout the BRI, this study, for the first time, uses social-economic-environmental footprints and the corresponding indicators of ecological efficiency and environmental stress to methodically measure the spatial distribution and regional transfer among three major regions comprising China (CHN), countries along the Belt and Road countries except China (CBR), and the rest of world (REW) from the standpoint of spillover and feedback effects, to better coordinate sustainable development between environment, economy, and society of the BRI. The results indicated the importance of spillover-feedback effects. Its significance lies not in co considered, the stress of regional water resource use and carbon emission will be underestimated to a certain extent. For example, I-AGR of CHN and CBR in water resources stress, and III-HIS and V-EGW of CHN in carbon emissions stress. Finally, the proportions of different industries should be considered to evade misestimating the level of cleaner production in various industries during policymaking. Elucidating these mechanisms is essential to support decision-making that leads to sustainable development.Recent studies have increasingly focused on China's CO2 emission intensity (CEI). However, specific or sufficient guidance is needed with regard to China's complex regional differences and the underlying relations between drivers and CEI. Herein, we develop a novel evolution tree based on the extended Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model to spatially visualize and quantify regional development patterns and the impact of determinants on CEI in China. The results showed that China's CEI spatially decreased from the northwest inland to the southeast coast and showed an overall annual decrease. Different regions with various regional development patterns have varying impact mechanisms on local CEI. In the highly developed region, affluence and industrial structure had the greatest effect, with an elasticity coefficient of -0.63, and 0.63, respectively. In the upper-middle developed, lower-middle developed, and developing regions, the energy structure exerted the greatest effect on local CEI with elasticity coefficients of 0.98%, 2.06%, and 0.95%, respectively. In the underdeveloped region, population had the greatest promotion effect with an impact of 1.42; however, affluence exerts a pronounced inhibitory effect with an impact of -0.63. Factors affecting China's CEI have regionally varied effects. Affluence had a significant inhibitory effect on CEI in all five regions, especially in the underdeveloped region; population had a negative effect in the relatively developed regions and a positive effect in the less developed regions. Other factors exerted a positive effect in all five regions, but their significance varied regionally. These results can help policymakers adopt effective regional energy conservation and emission reduction measures.

Based on a prospective cohort study in middle-aged Chinese men, the current study characterized the dose-response relationships between fat distribution measurements and the incidence of primary liver cancer.

Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by Cox regression models for the association between waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a body shape index (ABSI), and body roundness index (BRI) with liver cancer incidence. Dose-response curves were characterized using a restricted cubic spline function.

After a mean follow-up time of 11.9 (SD =2.4) years, 440 liver cancer cases were identified from 60,625 participants. WC, WHtR, ABSI, and BRI were found to be associated with an increased risk of liver cancer at a given level of body mass index (BMI), with multivariable-adjusted HRs of 1.19 (95% CI 1.01-1.41), 1.26 (95% CI 1.02-1.50), 1.12 (95% CI 1.05-1.23) and 1.28 (95% CI 1.08-1.53) for per SD increment, respectively. Dose-response curves suggested that the risk increased rapidly above the median levels of WC, WHtR, and BRI. For ABSI, the risk decreased from the minimum level to about the 35th percentile and increased slowly thereafter.

The current study suggested an association between abdominal obesity in middle age and increased risk of primary liver cancer at a given level of BMI. WHtR and BRI were better predictors of liver cancer risk compared with WC and ABSI.

The current study suggested an association between abdominal obesity in middle age and increased risk of primary liver cancer at a given level of BMI. WHtR and BRI were better predictors of liver cancer risk compared with WC and ABSI.Quinoxalinones are a class of heterocyclic compounds which attract extensive attention owing to their potential in the field of organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. During the past few decades, many new synthetic strategies toward the functionalization of quinoxalinone based scaffolds have been witnessed. Regrettably, there are only a few reports on the pharmacological activities of quinoxalinone scaffolds from a medicinal chemistry perspective. Therefore, herein we intend to outline the applications of multifunctional quinoxalinones as privileged structures possessing various biological activities, including anticancer, neuroprotective, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anti-cardiovascular, anti-diabetes, antioxidation, etc. We hope that this review will facilitate the development of quinoxalinone derivatives in medicinal chemistry.The inhibitory effects of 2-thiazolyl hydrazones on monoamine oxidase enzymes are known for a long time. In this study, a new series of 2-thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives were synthesized starting from 6-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde. All of the synthesized compounds were investigated in terms of their monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory effects and significant results were found. The results showed that compound 2j potently inhibited MAO-A and MAO-B, while compound 2t strongly and selectively inhibited MAO-B compared to standard drugs. Compounds 2k and 2q exhibited selective and satisfying inhibition on MAO-B. In the aromatase inhibition studies of the compounds, it was determined that compounds 2q and 2u had high inhibitory properties. Molecular docking studies on MAO-A, MAO-B, and aromatase enzymes were carried out for the aforementioned compounds. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulation was studied for compound 2q on MAO-B and aromatase complexes. Finally, the Field-based QSAR study was developed and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) was explained. For the first time, dual inhibitors on MAO and aromatase enzyme were investigated together. The aim of this approach is for finding the potential agents that do not cause the cognitive disorders and may even treat neurodegenerative symptoms, thus, the aim was reached successfully.STING mediates innate immune responses that are triggered by the presence of cytosolic DNA. Activation of STING to boost antigen recognition is a therapeutic modality that is currently being tested in cancer patients using nucleic-acid based macrocyclic STING ligands. We describe here the discovery of 3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one based 6,6-bicyclic heterocyclic agonists of human STING that activate all known human variants of STING with high potency.Verinurad (RDEA3170) is a selective URAT1 inhibitor under investigation for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. In an effort to further improve the pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics of verinurad and to increase the structural diversity, we designed novel verinurad analogs by introducing a linker (e.g. aminomethyl, amino or oxygen) between the naphthalene and the pyridine ring to increase the flexibility. These compounds were synthesized and tested for their in vitro URAT1-inhibitory activity. Most compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activities against URAT1 with IC50 values ranging from 0.24 μM to 16.35 μM. Among them, compound KPH2f exhibited the highest URAT1-inhibitory activity with IC50 of 0.24 μM, comparable to that of verinurad (IC50 = 0.17 μM). KPH2f also inhibited GLUT9 with an IC50 value of 9.37 ± 7.10 μM, indicating the dual URAT1/GLUT9 targeting capability. In addition, KPH2f showed little effects on OAT1 and ABCG2, and thus was unlikely to cause OAT1/ABCG2-mediated drug-drug interactions and/or to neutralize the uricosuric effects of URAT1/GLUT9 inhibitors. JAK inhibitor Importantly, KPH2f (10 mg/kg) was equally effective in reducing serum uric acid levels and exhibited higher uricosuric effects in a mice hyperuricemia model, as compared to verinurad (10 mg/kg). Furthermore, KPH2f demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic properties with an oral bioavailability of 30.13%, clearly better than that of verinurad (21.47%). Moreover, KPH2f presented benign safety profiles without causing hERG toxicity, cytotoxicity in vitro (lower than verinurad), and renal damage in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that KPH2f represents a novel, safe and effective dual URAT1/GLUT9 inhibitor with improved druggabilities and is worthy of further investigation as an anti-hyperuricemic drug candidate.Effective outcome from dynamic live-cell-imaging requires utilization of a probe with high emission intensity and low photobleaching. It would be preferable to achieve such properties at a low power of the applied laser to avoid any probable damage to biological cells or tissue. Most of the used small-molecule fluorophores have been reported to show significant photobleaching in a time-dependent manner and require high laser power to gain significant intensity for bioimaging. Carbon nanoparticles have recently been successfully used for cell imaging with low bleaching characteristics but require high laser power and lack optical nonlinearity at low power levels. Here, we report the preparation, characterization, and application of a Nanoscale Carbon (NC) which, on being surface decorated with crescent-shaped poly-lysine (PLNC), provides two-photon fluorescence (TPF) and low bleaching properties. PLNC was found to stain the cytoplasm of C2C12 muscle cells in the first four-hours of incubation with high TPF in the infrared range and can be useful for deep tissue imaging with further improvements.