Bradyvestergaard9299

This study describes the abundance of multidrug-resistant Vibrios associated with marine invertebrate hosts from the Andaman Sea, India. Thirty-eight Vibrio strains were isolated from surface mucus layers of coral Porites, Goniastrea, Pocillopora, Fungia, and eggs of spiny lobster (Panulirus penicillatus). Phenotypically, the majority of strains exhibited growth at a wide range of temperatures, salt tolerance, and diverse nutritional requirements. All the strains had more than 97% 16S rRNA sequence similarity with type species of the genus Vibrio where Vibrio fortis, and Vibrio alginolyticus were predominant. Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) using eight housekeeping genes namely ftsZ, gapA, gyrB, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA distributed the strains into 6 reported clades i.e., Harveyi, Ponticus, Nereis, Orientalis, Splendidus, and Mediterranei where nearly half of the total strains represented the clade Harveyi, followed by the clade Splendidus. Likewise, the PFGE profile indicated genomic heterogeneity among the strains resulting in their distribution in five major clusters. Resistance to different antimicrobials was tested following the disc diffusion method where all strains were found susceptible to chloramphenicol (30 µg) and resistant to streptomycin (10 µg), vancomycin (30 µg), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (25 µg). Moreover, the resistant phenotype to other antimicrobials confirmed the abundance of multidrug resistance strains in this marine environment.Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae VR-2 is a commercially available live attenuated vaccine strain widely used in Russia, Kazakhstan, and a number of European countries for immunization of pigs against swine erysipelas. The draft genome sequence of E. rhusiopathiae strain VR-2 reported in this paper is 1,704,727 bp in length, has CG content of 36.5%, and contains 1680 genes, including 51 tRNA, 3 rRNA, and 1408 protein-coding genes. Comparative sequence analysis between Fujisawa (serovar 1a), VR-2 and six other serovar N strains of E. rhusiopathiae revealed wide genetic variability of the chromosomal region essential for serovar-specific antigenicity and virulence of E. rhusiopathiae strains. We have performed a BLAST search and found 12 genomic loci potentially specific for the E. rhusiopathiae VR-2 strain. These data could be helpful for developing genetic assays for differentiation of field isolates and this live attenuated vaccine strain, which is especially important for epizootical monitoring of swine erysipelas in countries, where the live vaccine strain E. rhusiopathiae VR-2 is used for pig immunization, as well as for the design of recombinant vaccines against swine erysipelas. The genome of E. rhusiopathiae VR-2 has been submitted in GenBank under accession number RJTK00000000.1.Lipase activity (337 U/g dry weight of cell debris) was detected in cell debris after ultrasound treatment of Yarrowia lipolytica cells cultivated in residual frying palm oil. It is a naturally immobilized lipase with protein content of 47%, herein called LipImDebri. This immobilized biocatalyst presents low hydrophobicity (8%), that can be increased adjusting pH and buffer type. Despite apparent intact cells, electron microscopy showed a shapeless and flat surface for LipImDebri and optical microscopy revealed no cell viability. Besides, an inferior mean diameter (3.4 mm) in relation to whole cells reveals structure modification. A high negative zeta potential value (- 33.86 mV) for pH 6 and 25 °C suggests that LipImDebri is a stable suspension in aqueous solution. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) expose differences between LipImDebri and extracellular lipase extract signaling a physical interaction between enzyme and cell debris, which is possibly the reason for the high thermostability (kd = 0.246 h-1; t1/2 = 2.82 h at 50 °C, pH 7.0). A good adjustment of LipImDebri kinetic data with Hill equation (R2 = 0.95) exposes an allosteric behavior related to the presence of more than one lipase isoform. These features reveal that LipImDebri can be a good catalyst for industrial applications.MicroRNAs-199a-5p (miR-199a-5p) plays critical regulatory roles in various types of human cancers. However, the biological function and regulatory mechanisms of miR-199a-5p in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-199a-5p in CRC and possible mechanisms of its action. The expression of miR-199a-5p in CRC tumor tissues was validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The effects of miR-199a-5p on cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated in vitro. Then, the association of miR-199a-5p and its downstream target was investigated in both cell line and clinical specimens. Furthermore, gain- and loss-of-function studies of cytoplasmic activation/proliferation-associated protein-1 (Caprin1) were performed to assess whether the suppressive effect of on CRC cells were via targeting Caprin1. Using a microarray platform, we focused on miR-199a-5p for further research, which was one of the most markedly downregulated miRNAs in CRC tumor tissues. Functionally, the overexpression of miR-199a-5p inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in both HTC116 and SW480 cells. see more Furthermore, cytoplasmic activation/proliferation-associated protein-1 (Caprin1), a well-known oncogene, was directly targeted by miR-199a-5p. It was also observed that Caprin1 was upregulated, and inversely correlated with miR-199a-5p levels in CRC tissues. Further investigations revealed that knockdown of Caprin1 by siRNA has similar role with miR-199a-5p overexpression in CRC cells, suggesting the oncogenic role of Caprin1 in CRC. In the contrast, we found that overexpression of Caprin1 reversed the suppressive effects of miR-199a-5p on CRC cells. Collectively, our study suggests that miR-199a-5p/Caprin1 axis may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of CRC.A liquid consortial formulation with three compatible biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma harzianum, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae was prepared with already standardized additives (Assam Agricultural University (AAU), Jorhat, Assam). Pot and field experiments conducted to test the efficacy of six different IPDM (Integrated Pests and Disease Management) modules with the prepared consortia showed that module-6 (seed treatment + seed bed treatment in nursery + soil application in main field + seedling dip treatment with consortia of biofertilizer, Rhizobium sp., Azotobacter sp. strain 52, Azospirillum sp. strain 71 and Bacillus sp. strain 5 W + spraying of consortia) was the best for the management of three important diseases of brinjal viz., Phomopsis leaf blight and fruit rot, Alternaria leaf spot, and Fusarium wilt. Field experiment repeated in the second year ustilizing six different modules revealed the module 6 as best in reduction of disease incidence and increasing the growth parameters and yield of the crop. Result of pooled analysis of field experiments showed a yield of 570.97q/ha with BC ratio 3.99. The module was also found effective in improving the nutrient status with significant increase in P and K status of soil as well as microbial biomass carbon in both the years of experimentation (2014-2015 and 2015-2016). The module can be used by the farmers for organic cultivation of brinjal after further confirmation in multi locations of diverse agroecological condition of Assam.This pilot study aimed to examine the effect of pre-meal tasteless calorie-free gum chewing on post-meal blood levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon, and gastrointestinal hormones. This was an open-label, randomized, 2-sequence, 3-period, 2-treatment crossover trial with a 11 allocation. Sixteen Japanese adult male volunteers aged between 30 and 49 years without diagnosed glucose metabolism disorder were enrolled. Ingestion of 200-g cooked rice after 15-min tasteless calorie-free gum chewing (GUM+ treatment) was compared to that without preceding gum chewing (GUM- treatment). Cooked rice was divided into twelve equally sized portions and consumed by chewing each portion 30 times before swallowing. Treatment sessions were separated by an at least 1-week interval and attended after an overnight fast. Circulating levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon, active glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and ghrelin were measured at baseline (before treatment) and 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after completion of the meal ingestion, and the postprandial change from baseline was assessed. As a result, the change in glucose levels at 0 min was significantly lower in the GUM+ treatment than in the GUM- treatment (P = 0.004). Furthermore, the GUM+ treatment demonstrated higher incremental insulin levels at 15 min (P = 0.041) and higher incremental active GLP-1 levels at 30 and 60 min (P = 0.018 and 0.021, respectively); whereas, postprandial glucagon and ghrelin levels were not significantly different. In conclusion, the current pilot study demonstrated that tasteless calorie-free gum chewing before rice eating had a significant but limited impact on the increase of postprandial active GLP-1 levels in male individuals without diagnosed glucose metabolism disorder.Repaglinide, an oral hypoglycemic agent, is a short-acting insulin secretagogue. We describe a case, in which an extremely low dose of repaglinide caused severe hypoglycemia and novel drug interactions are suggested. A 71-year-old man with type 2 diabetes was taken to the hospital due to consciousness disorder caused by severe hypoglycemia. He was taking repaglinide 0.25 mg once in the morning with nilotinib 400 mg/day and febuxostat 20 mg/day. Endogenous insulin secretion was not suppressed even in hypoglycemia. Detection of plasma repaglinide 10 h after administration in this case indicates delayed elimination of the agent, which might be derived from reduced hepatocyte uptake due to inhibitory effects of nilotinib on OATP1B1 and reduced oxidation of the agents by inhibitory effects of nilotinib, mainly on CYP3A4 activities, and of febuxostat on CYP2C8 activities. Repaglinide is eliminated by the liver, and is a short-acting insulin secretagogue with a good safety profile in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by renal impairment, including elderly patients; however, its delayed elimination due to drug-drug interactions should be noted.

Diabetes patients usually have a low activity level and complain about lack of time. Therefore, we investigated the effect of short time, postprandial moderate-intensity exercise on glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes patients.

Eleven patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited. Patients spent the first day of the study without exercise (non-exercise day; NE day). In the second day, they walked at moderate-intensity (40% of the maximum heart rate reserve) for 15min, 30min after each meal (exercise day; E day). Glucose homeostasis was estimated by a continuous glucose monitor (CGM). All meals during the study were of standard composition. We compared NE day and E day concerning 24-h glucose homeostasis and 3h postprandial glucose levels by the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) method. Medications were not changed during the study.

The number of patients under basal supported oral therapy, intensive insulin therapy and oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) were 5, 4 and 2, respectively. The blood glucose standard deviation over 24h and the iAUC for the 24-h glycemic variability (NE day vs.