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Several evidence-based practice guidelines have been developed to better treat bipolar disorder. However, the articles cited in these guidelines were based on clinical or basic studies with specific conditional settings and were not sufficiently based on real-world clinical practice. In particular, there was little information on the doses of mood stabilizers.

The MUlticenter treatment SUrvey on BIpolar disorder in Japanese psychiatric clinics (MUSUBI) is a study conducted to accumulate evidence on the real-world practical treatment of bipolar disorder. The questionnaire included patient characteristics such as comorbidities, mental status, treatment period, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score, and details of pharmacological treatment.

Most patients received mood stabilizers such as lithium (n = 1,317), valproic acid (n = 808), carbamazepine (n = 136), and lamotrigine (n = 665). The dose of lithium was correlated with age, body weight, number of episodes, depression and GAF. The dose of valproic acid was correlated with body weight, number of episodes, presence of a rapid cycle and GAF. The dose of carbamazepine was correlated with age, mania, and the presence of a rapid cycle. The dose of lamotrigine was correlated with the number of episodes, depression, mania, psychotic features, and the presence of a rapid cycle. Doses of coadministered mood stabilizers were significantly correlated, except for the combination of valproic acid and lamotrigine.

The dose of mood stabilizers was selectively administered based on several factors, such as age, body composition, current mood status and functioning. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

The dose of mood stabilizers was selectively administered based on several factors, such as age, body composition, current mood status and functioning. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

Schizophrenia is a serious disease characterized by impairment in the perception or expression of reality, leading to occupational and social dysfunction. The use of antipsychotic medication is now universal in the first-line treatment of schizophrenia. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of asenapine with a standard atypical antipsychotic, olanzapine in treating this disease.

It was designed as a single blind, randomized, controlled, parallel group, single centre Phase IV trial of a newer atypical antipsychotic, asenapine versus existing standard atypical antipsychotic, olanzapine. Total 80 subjects were enrolled as per eligibility criteria.Each recruited subject received daily treatment with the trial medication (Olanzapine 10 mg or Asenapine 10 mg daily) for duration of 12 weeks. BPRS, CGI-S, CGI-I, Laboratory parameters and compliance was assessed and analyzed. Continuous variables were compared by t test and non-parametric data was analyzed by Mann-Whitney

test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Likely categorical variables were analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate.

The duration of schizophrenia at presentation was comparable in both the treatment groups. There was significant reduction of BPRS score between any two visits of each treatment groups. The decline in CGI-S and CGI-I scores was statistically significant (

< 0.001) when compared between visits of any of the both treatment arms. Adherence to treatment was excellent for all patients.

Newer atypical antipsychotic asenapine is more effective than standard olanzapine in reducing the symptoms of schizophrenia in this study and further larger studies are to be done.

Newer atypical antipsychotic asenapine is more effective than standard olanzapine in reducing the symptoms of schizophrenia in this study and further larger studies are to be done.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and childhood trauma in functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) patients who visited the brain-gut axis clinic.

The study participants included 99 individuals who were diagnosed with FGID by gastroenterologists, 88 individuals who had no FGID but showed symptoms of FGID based on the Rome criteria, and 79 individuals who did not show any symptoms or were diagnosed with FGID. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and childhood trauma were evaluated by the Korean version of Beck-depression inventory-II (K-BDI-II), Korean version of Beck anxiety inventory (K-BAI), and Korean version of childhood trauma questionnaire (K-CTQ), respectively.

The BDI score, BAI score, and CTQ score were significantly different between the groups. The group also had higher odds for developing anxiety as compared to the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 10.215, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 2.49-41.76). Additionally, the FGID group had higher odds for developing symptoms of depression (OR = 5.554, 95% CI 2.06-14.97) and experiencing physical violence (OR = 3.128, 95% CI 1.53-6.38) than the non-FGID group.

This study showed that FGID patients were more likely to have symptoms of depression, severe anxiety, and childhood trauma, which were the risk factors of FGID.

This study showed that FGID patients were more likely to have symptoms of depression, severe anxiety, and childhood trauma, which were the risk factors of FGID.

This study used network analyses to examine network structures reflecting interactions between specific domains of social functioning in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD).

We used the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) to assess six domains of social functioning ('cognition', 'mobility', 'self-care', 'getting along', 'life activities', and 'participation') in 143 patients with SZ, 81 patients with BD, and 106 healthy subjects. We constructed regularized partial correlation networks, estimated network centrality and edge strength, tested network stability, and compared SZ and BD network structures.

Patients with SZ showed a significantly higher level of functional disability than patients with BD. In the networks we constructed, 'cognition' was the most central domain of social functioning in both SZ and BD. The 'cognition' domain was primarily associated with the 'getting along' domain in the SZ network and the 'life activities' domain in the BD network. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lw-6.html We found no significant group-level differences in network structures for SZ vs. BD.

Our results suggest that cognition may play a pivotal role in social functioning in both SZ and BD. In addition, domains of social functioning in SZ and BD have similar network structures despite the higher level of disability in SZ compared to BD.

Our results suggest that cognition may play a pivotal role in social functioning in both SZ and BD. In addition, domains of social functioning in SZ and BD have similar network structures despite the higher level of disability in SZ compared to BD.

The relationship of antipsychotics and the risk of refracture in treated patients is unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between prolonged antipsychotic and the incidences of bone fractures and refractures in schizophrenia.

This is a retrospective nested case-control study using Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database recorded from 2000 to 2005, with cases followed up to end of 2011. link2 Total of 7,842 schizophrenic patients, 3,955 had developed bone fractures were compared with 3,887 control subjects matched in age, sex, and index date. Antipsychotic drug exposure was classified based on the drug type and medication duration. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed. Odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated.

We found (after adjustments) higher risks of developing fractures under continued use of typical (OR = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.51-1.91) or atypical antipsychotics (OR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.28-1.60) were found. Additionally, continued use typical (OR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.35-2.50) or atypical antipsychotics (OR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.06-1.95) was positively associated with refracture risks. Moreover, refractures were associated with continuous use of chlorpromazine (one typical antipsychotics, OR = 2.45; 95% CI, 1.14-5.25), and risperidone (OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.01-2.16) or zotepine (OR = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.06-4.36) (two atypical antipsychotics).

Higher risks of bone fracture and refracture were found in schizophrenia under prolonged medication with typical or atypical antipsychotics. We therefore recommend that clinicians should pay more attention on bone density monitoring for patients using long-term antipsychotics.

Higher risks of bone fracture and refracture were found in schizophrenia under prolonged medication with typical or atypical antipsychotics. We therefore recommend that clinicians should pay more attention on bone density monitoring for patients using long-term antipsychotics.

Habitual snoring is a common problem in children. We evaluated the association between a high risk for sleep-disordered breathing and attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms.

Parents of 13,560 children aged 6 to 12 years responded to questionnaires including items on habitual snoring and the Korean attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder rating scale. The snoring score comprised the number of "yes" responses to habitual-snoring items, and a high risk for sleep-disordered breathing was defined as a snoring score ≥ 2.

The odds ratio (OR) of a high risk for sleep-disordered breathing was significantly higher in boys (OR = 1.47;

< 0.001), overweight children (OR = 2.20;

< 0.001), and children with current secondhand-smoking exposure (OR = 1.38;

< 0.001). The Korean attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder rating scale score increased significantly with the snoring score (0 vs. link3 1, B = 1.56,

< 0.001; 0 vs. 2, B = 2.44,

< 0.001; 0 vs. 3, B = 2.48,

< 0.001; 0 vs. 4, B = 3.95;

< 0.001).

Our study confirms several risk factors of sleep-disordered breathing, namely male sex, overweight, and exposure to tobacco smoking, and found a positive association between habitual snoring and attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms.

Our study confirms several risk factors of sleep-disordered breathing, namely male sex, overweight, and exposure to tobacco smoking, and found a positive association between habitual snoring and attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms.

In general, adults with congenital heart disease have reduced exercise capacity and many do not reach the recommended level of physical activity. A physically active lifestyle is essential to maintain health and to counteract acquired cardiovascular disease, therefore enablers and barriers for being physically active are important to identify.

To describe what adults with complex congenital heart diseases consider as physical activity, and what they experience as enablers and barriers for being physically active.

A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews in which 14 adults with complex congenital heart disease (seven women) participated. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

The analysis revealed four categories considered enablers and barriers - encouragement, energy level, approach and environment. The following is exemplified by the category encouragement as an enabler if one had experienced support and encouragement to be physically active as a child, they were more positive to be physically active as an adult.