Boylekrarup3968

Individuals with kidney disease have a high prevalence of chronic noncancer pain. Although opioids are not a recommended treatment option for chronic noncancer pain in the general population, a higher percentage of individuals with kidney disease receive opioid prescriptions for chronic pain. Individuals with kidney disease have an increased risk for opioid adverse events because of changes related to kidney disease progression, normative aging, and the pharmacology of opioid medications. Despite the frequent prescription of opioids for chronic noncancer pain among those with kidney disease, there are no guidelines for opioid management in this population. This article reviews the pharmacologic challenges of opioid use in relation to the physiologic changes occurring in kidney disease and normative aging. We highlight how understanding opioid pharmacology and human physiology can support safe practices of opioid management in patients with kidney disease who require opioids for chronic noncancer pain.In recent years, the use of opioids in medical practice has come under significant scrutiny. This, in part, is owing to evidence of overprescription and overuse of opioid medications, as well as the unintended consequences and side effects for patients who take these medications. Here, we review the role of opioids and the responsible use of these medications with respect to kidney stone disease and surgical interventions for kidney stones.Opioid use and misuse in the United States has been at epidemic proportions and is predicted to increase further in the setting of the Coronavirus disease 19 pandemic. Acute kidney injury is a condition associated with significant morbidity and increased mortality. We review the literature on the effect of opioids on kidney function and critically examine the association between opioid use and acute kidney injury and identify at-risk populations in whom opioids should be used with caution. We also discuss the role of biomarkers in elucidating this condition and propose preventive measures, novel therapeutic options, and research directions.

To learn the safety profile of carbapenems and compare suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among carbapenem classes by data mining the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database.

This retrospective study described the general characteristics of adverse drug event (ADE) reports related to carbapenems in the FAERS during 2015 - 2018.

The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the reporting odds ratio (ROR), and information component (IC) of Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) were calculated to identify potential safety signals.

A total number of 5,899 reports associated with carbapenems were submitted to the FAERS from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018. The most frequently reported ADE associated with carbapenems was drug ineffective (10.51%). Serious ADEs and death associated with carbapenems were reported in 41.24and 25.12%, respectively. Infections and infestations was the strongest signal detected in both meropenem and imipenem. Nervous system disorders and psychiatric disorders were strongly detected in ertapenem. Hepatobiliary disorders were common in doripenem patients.

Carbapenem resistance is alarming in the United States, and carbapenem is more likely to be associated with serious and fatal ADEs among β-lactam antibiotics. Both differences and similarities exist in the safety profile among carbapenems classes. Close attention should be paid to patients with special disease when administrated carbapenems.

Carbapenem resistance is alarming in the United States, and carbapenem is more likely to be associated with serious and fatal ADEs among β-lactam antibiotics. Both differences and similarities exist in the safety profile among carbapenems classes. Trichostatin A Close attention should be paid to patients with special disease when administrated carbapenems.

Bevacizumab is a recombinant monoclonal antibody against the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) ligand that is used in the management of various solid malignancies. The adverse effect profiles of angiogenesis inhibitors, such as bevacizumab, have become increasingly well characterized and include renal manifestations such as hypertension, proteinuria, and thrombotic microangiopathy. Eculizumab inhibits terminal-complement activation and is used to treat atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. There has been growing usage of eculizumab to treat bevacizumab-associated thrombotic microangiopathy.

We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify full-text articles that describe the use of eculizumab for bevacizumab-associated thrombotic microangiopathy.

Our systematic review identified 522 unique articles of which 5 were included in the final review. 9 cases, including 2 new cases presented in this review, were identified in which eculizumab was used in the management of bevacizumab-associated thrombotic microangiopathy. Hematologic parameters and kidney function stabilized or improved in all cases, and the 2 patients who required renal replacement therapy were able to discontinue dialysis.

Given the findings of this systematic review, the use of eculizumab in the treatment of bevacizumab-associated thrombotic microangiopathy warrants further study, particularly in severe cases.

Given the findings of this systematic review, the use of eculizumab in the treatment of bevacizumab-associated thrombotic microangiopathy warrants further study, particularly in severe cases.

Membranous nephropathy (MN) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are autoimmune diseases that coexist in some cases and might share a common pathogenesis. In 75 - 80% of MN patients, PLA

R1 or THSD7A is the target antigen responsible for disease development, while in the remaining cases, MN pathogenesis is not clear. Our aim was to identify potential antigens playing an overlapping pathogenic role for development of both PBC and MN.

Serum from a patient with PBC-associated MN was analyzed for MN and PBC-specific autoantibodies and kidney biopsy tissue was stained for the respective antigens. A review of the literature for published PBC-associated MN cases was performed.

A 39-year-old male patient was diagnosed with PBC-associated MN. Serology tests revealed negativity for PLA

R1-ab and THSD7A-ab, but positivity for two PBC-specific antibodies M2-ab and gp210-ab. Kidney biopsy was stained for both PBC-specific antigens, PDC-E2 and gp210, as well as PLA

R1 and THSD7A, showing no MN-specific positivity.