Boyledempsey4497

Panus lecomtei is emerging as an edible mushroom found worldwide and particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. The mushroom contains a substantial amount of useful nutritional and medicinal compounds. In the present study, we have examined a specimen of P. lecomtei submitted to the ICAR-Directorate of Mushroom Research gene bank. The specimen was examined for taxonomical characters using classical and molecular tools. Attempts were made for cultivation of this mushroom under controlled conditions using sawdust-based substrate. The specimen was characterized by its purplish fruiting body having coarse, rigid, dense hairs on the cap, pubescent stipe, and abundant metuloids. Molecular identification through conserved ITS region was done and the sequence was deposited in NCBI GenBank under accession number MN332200. Nutritional profiling and biochemical analysis showed that the mushroom contained high carbohydrate but low fat contents. The mushroom showed the presence of phenolics, β-carotene, and lycopene. The analysis also showed substantial antioxidant properties in the mushroom. The findings presented herein point out that P. lecomtei can be used as a potential edible mushroom for diversification of mushroom production in India.Using Tremella fuciformis conidium cells for submerged fermentation is a cost-effective way to harvest bioactive compounds. In this study, we emphasized the structural and functional analysis of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) extracted from T. fuciformis conidium cells. An EPS high-yield strain tyc63 was selected and a 6-day optimum fermentation period was determined. Crude EPS was extracted and three high molecular weight (5189, 171.6, and 661 kDa) polysaccharides TFP-1, TFP-2, and TFP-3 were isolated and purified. TFP-1 is mainly composed of glucose, xylose, mannose, and fucose, while both TFP-2 and TFP-3 are mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, and glucose. FT-IR analysis revealed that TFP-1, TFP-2, and TFP-3 have typical polysaccharide structure. The antioxidant assay revealed that the crude EPS, TFP-1, TFP-2, and TFP-3 presented high free radical scavenging activities but low ferric reducing power, suggesting that the EPS produced by liquid fermentation could be used as a potent radical scavenger.Polyporus umbellatus is a traditional Chinese medicinal mushroom. The growth of P. umbellatus sclerotia requires the rhizomorphs of Armillaria spp. to supply nutrition. Whether the main components (MC) of sclerotia of P. umbellatus are related to the phylogeny of Armillaria associates or other environmental factors is largely unknown. In this study, we collected 17 sclerotia and soil samples from northeast to southwest China. In total, 17 Armillaria associates were isolated, and sclerotial MC contents and soil characteristics (total N, P, K, and organic matter) were determined. The analysis revealed that the MC content of P. umbellatus did not resemble a Brownian motion process in phylogeny of Armillaria associates, but were significantly influenced by the total N content of the soil. These results provide clear evidence that sclerotia of P. umbellatus associating with phylogenetic related Armillaria associates possess differing MC content. The mechanisms of nutrient exchange in P. GDC0980 umbellatus-Armillaria associations now require further elucidation.The fruiting body of Auricularia auricula-judae has received attention in folk medicine due to its possible medicinal values. Therefore, this study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of the hot aqueous extract (AAAJ) and the β-D-glucan-rich polysaccharide fraction of A. auricula-judae (BGPA) on specific and nonspecific humoral and cell mediated immune responses in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice. Oral supplementation with AAAJ or BGPA (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) produced significantly high titers of total OVA specific or TT specific IgG1 and IgG2a compared with the levels in untreated control. Oral administration of AAAJ or BGPA (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) evoked a significant increase in carbon clearance at all doses, indicating stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system, and potentiated the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells (SRBC) compared with the untreated mice. Total lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, and lymphocytes count increased significantly (P less then 0.05) at all doses, following acute administration of AAAJ or BGPA (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg), showing increased protection toward cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppression compared with the untreated negative control group. In the hemolytic complement assay, AAAJ and BGPA at all doses significantly (P less then 0.05) inhibited the hemolytic activity of the complement proteins on the sensitized SRBC. The present study reveals that the extract holds promise as an immunomodulatory agent and strengthens the rationale for its use in traditional medicine.Total polysaccharide (i.e., GLP-UCE) was effectively isolated from the crude polysaccharide extract powder of Ganoderma lucidum by ultrasonic-circulating extraction, which was separated into three fractions (i.e., GLP-U40, GLP-U60, and GLP-U80) by ethanol fractional precipitation. The detection of antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px, SOD) and oxidation metabolites (MDA, LF); liver function test of ALT, AST, and LDH; and western blot for antioxidant proteins of GSH-Px and MMP-2 showed that the GLP-UCE displayed a favorable in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities for reducing the oxidative damage in CCl4-hepatopathy SD rats. The GLP-UCE and its fractions were analyzed and compared by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), high-performance liquid chromatography, high-performance gel permeation chromatography, and antioxidant activity in vitro assay. These studies revealed that the fraction GLP-U80 exhibited stronger antioxidant activities in vitro than that of GLP-UCE and other fractions (p less then Mw) of 1.05 × 104 g·mol-1 and composed of D-mannose, D-ribose, D-glucose, D-galactose, and L-fucose in a molecular ratio of 10.268.260.640.08.The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum capsules against colistin nephrotoxicity. The study animals were separated into four groups control, colistin (9 mg/kg), colistin-G. lucidum 50 mg/kg, and colistin-G. lucidum 100 mg/kg. In the colistin group, serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine values were found to be higher than those of the other groups (p less then 0.001). The malondialdehyde, catalase, total oxidative stress, oxidative stress index, and oxidized glutathione values in serum and kidney tissue samples were determined to be higher in the colistin group than in the other groups (p less then 0.001). The total antioxidative stress, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione values measured in the serum and kidney tissue samples were determined to be lower in the colistin group (p less then 0.001). Oxidative stress is responsible for tubule damage in colistin nephrotoxicity, and when G. lucidum is used together with colistin, renal damage is reduced.