Boyeryan7347

© 2020 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of l'Académie nationale de médecine.Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis (GC) is a rare inflammatory pathology of the gallbladder which so far remains unreported in Pakistan. The aetiology and provocative factors of this form of cholecystitis following the pattern of Xanthogranulomatous inflammation in other visceras remain undetermined. It is a destructive inflammatory process and is difficult to differentiate from malignant entities; usually characterised by lipid laden macrophages and acute or chronic inflammatory cells. It is often discovered on frozen sections later confirmed by permanent sections, as in our case. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis in Pakistan. We hope that documenting the occurrence will lead to more research in this regard.Haemangioendotheliomas (HAE), although rare but are the most common parotid gland tumours in children. We report a 4-month-old girl who presented with a progressively enlarging right sided facial swelling overlying the angle of the mandible. An Ultrasound of the lesion and a computed tomography (CT) scan of the head and neck was carried out which revealed a large lesion within the right parotid gland. CT scan further demonstrated a direct communication with the right external carotid artery and external jugular vein. Considering the clinical course and radiological findings, there was sufficient evidence to avoid any invasive testing. Due to the self-limiting nature of the disease, patient was managed expectantly.Violence against women is a human rights issue and a major public health problem. The objectives of this study were to determine the magnitude and type of emotional and physical domestic violence perpetrated by fathers on mothers of female students of a private university. A total of 564 questionnaires were duly filled and returned with a response rate of 94.0%. The most common form of violence was reported by 93 (16.5%) of the respondents who witnessed their fathers either saying or doing something to humiliate the respondents' mothers. While the most common physical violence witnessed was fathers slapping their mothers as reported by 39 (6.9%) of the respondents. Empowerment of women, and effective endeavours in education of both sexes are important steps towards addressing and preventing domestic violence.Diffuse cranial vault and concurrent dural based disease involvement by primary CNS lymphoma is extremely rare. Often such presentations are overlooked initially as benign lesions and biopsy of lymph nodes elsewhere remains source of diagnosis in majority of patients. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a subtype of primary CNS lymphoma with subdural involvement that is diagnosed based on imaging. Though features may overlap with invasive meningioma, MRI remains the modality of choice to help differentiate on the basis of characteristic appearances.The case of a patient with scalp swelling and unusual imaging features of primary dural lymphoma is presented.Tranexamic acid is emerging as a useful option for a number of clinical indications, by virtue of its anti-fibrinolytic properties that allow better haemostasis and lesser blood loss. Herein, the authors have attempted to summarize the existing evidence on the possible role of tranexamic acid in brain tumour surgeries.This communication shares two frameworks which help conceptualize the vast spectrum of pre-conception care. A 3x3 rubric classifies pre-conception assessment and interventions into gynaeco-obstetric, biomedical and psychosocial. FGFR inhibitor Yet another creative checklist uses the letters A through I to present 9 aspects of pre-conception management. The aim of this article is to simplify the vast field of pre-conception care for primary care physicians and other health care professionals.Oncocrinology is the science which studies the complex bi-directional relationship between cancer and the endocrine system, including pathophysiological links, clinical presentation and the impact of cancer treatment and endocrine therapy. This review describes the vast spectrum of the complex, multifacted relationship between the endocrine system and malignancy. It also includes the endocrine aspects of anti-cancer treatment, and the need for oncovigilance with endocrine therapy.Study was conducted to determine the healing rate of non-union femoral neck fractures following a new transcervical superior based wedge resection and fixation with contoured plate. This study is based on a concept, that the presence of a residual part of the femoral neck on the trochanteric side of the non-union and removal of a wedge with a superior base not only converts shearing forces into compression forces but also provides fresh bone with an osteogenic potential. This is a descriptive case series 'one group pre-test post-test design', conducted from 2010 to 2016 with a sample size of 18, convenience sampling technique with a minimum follow up of 12 months. Eighteen patients with a mean age of 32.44±8.8 years were operated with transcervical wedge resection and fixation. However, only 14 completed a minimum follow up of twelve months. Thirteen (93%) patients achieved union while, one had stable fibrous union which later on developed avascular necrosis and underwent a total hip replacement. There was a mean shortening of 2.05±0.4 cm. Seven (50%) had post-operative Lurch and 4 (28.6%) required shoe raise while 1 had low grade infection.Platinum-based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is the standard treatment for stage II-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Novel therapeutic modalities are required to improve the outcome of an early stage NSCLC. Patients with advanced NSCLC having anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion protein are sensitive to ALK inhibitors such as crizotinib. This study aimed to further explore the clinicopathological characteristics of postoperative patients with early-stage lung cancer harboring ALK fusion protein and provide a basis to carry out postoperative adjuvant crizotinib treatment. A total of 19 patients were retrospectively reviewed, and the clinicopathological parameters and follow-up data were collected and analysed. ALK rearrangements easily exist in male and in non-smokers patients with adenocarcinoma histology. Brain metastasis occurs easily, and prognosis of patients with stage IIIA is relatively poor. Detection of ALK fusion protein should be a routine testing. Postoperative adjuvant crizotinib treatment for patients with stage IIIA NSCLC harboring ALK fusion protein is promising.This report describes a unique case of 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome (EMS), also known as stem cell leukaemia-lymphoma syndrome. A 13 years old male was referred from a tertiary care hospital after cervical lymph node biopsy. The disease mechanism of this neoplasm is to either evolve into acute myeloid leukemia or mixed lineage leukaemia, and less frequently of T or B lymphoid lineage. However, here we show a case of a rare simultaneous presentation of T lymphoblastic lymphoma on cervical lymph node and B lymphoblastic leukaemia on bone marrow biopsy along with t (8; 13) on karyotype testing.Familial Adenomatous Polyposis accounts for 20 years of age. Endoscopy is essential for the diagnosis with definitive treatment involving prophylactic total colectomy. With current surgical advances, this is routinely being performed with the aid of laparoscopy. Due to resource limitations and non-availability of the screening programs in the developing world, such cases remain under diagnosed. Genetic testing is necessary for prognostication of both the index case and their at-risk family members. Thus, we present a rare case of an eight-year-old female, with an early onset progression to colorectal cancer with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. We performed a prophylactic laparoscopic total procto-colectomy with ileo-anal anastomosis, which to our knowledge is the first ever-performed procedure in Pakistan. We conclude that progression to colorectal carcinoma in familial adenomatous polyposis can present at an earlier age than that reported in the literature. Laparoscopic total colectomy has similar outcomes than open surgical methods with better cosmetic results.Bartter syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by reduced sodium chloride transport in the distal nephrons of the kidney. Its clinical features are renal salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, elevated renin and aldosterone levels with normal or low blood pressure, polyuria, hypercalciuria and malnutrition. The pathophysiologic and biochemical changes in these patients should be kept in mind when considering anaesthetic management. This case report describes our management in a nineteen months old, 3.6 kg weight male child with Bartter's syndrome who underwent elective repair of hiatal hernia and gastrostomy.Human Immunodeficiency Virus associated neurocognitive dysfunction can present as a case of movement disorder in a patient with prolonged antiretroviral therapy. Diagnosis was made after ruling out space occupying lesions, nutritional deficiencies and infectious causes through brain imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. With multidisciplinary care and change of antiretroviral therapy to drugs with higher cerebrospinal fluid penetration, symptoms of the patient improved over a span of six months. Delayed neurological damage due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus can present with isolated cerebellar symptoms.Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome (MKS) is a rare disorder derived from the muscular and elastic tissue defects of the trachea and the main bronchial walls, characterized by tracheobronchomegaly. Patients may present with complaints of cough, phlegm, dyspnoea and haemoptysis. Haemoptysis may be minor and mixed with phlegm or it may be massive. Establishment of airway patency is a priority in the management of massive haemoptysis. Cold saline solution, diluted adrenaline or tranexamic acid may be administered via the endobronchial route to stop haemorrhage while establishing the airway patency. Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) has a haemostatic property and can be locally administered to the airway. In this report, we aim to highlight the effects of ABS administered via an endobronchial route for emergency palliation of a patient with MKS presenting with massive haemoptysis.Objective of the study was to determine the effects of McConnell taping combined with strengthening exercises of vastus medialis oblique muscle in females with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrom. Females with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome with an age group of 25-45 years having a less than 30/80 score on a Lower Extremity Functional Index (LEFI), anterior knee pain and painful/limited range of motion (ROM) at knee, were included in the study. A total of 51 subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. They were assigned a 30-40 minute per session for 5 days per week over a length of 2 weeks. Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Lower Extremity Functional Index and Goniometry tools were used to assess the measure of interest. These samples only comprised of females with a mean age of 36.04+7.35 years. After 2 weeks, significant improvement was recorded in the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) (p less then 0.001) and Lower Extremity Functional Index (LEFI) (p less then 0.001). Flexion range of motion of the knee also improved significantly.