Boswellbeatty6298

RESULTS From 2,234 records screened, 28 studies were eligible for inclusion (observational n = 22 and experimental n = 6). Across studies, 12 different instruments were identified (dyspnoea-specific n = 3, subscale of a comprehensive instrument n = 9). Most instruments (n = 11, 92%) assessed a single domain (intensity n = 6, unpleasantness n = 6 and impact/burden n = 5). Studies reported a rationale for measuring dyspnoea (n = 26) as either a characteristic of the participant cohort (n = 14) or as an outcome (n = 14). CONCLUSIONS Surprisingly, a few primary studies reported assessment of dyspnoea in people with ESKD receiving RRT. When assessed, there was a predominance of unidimensional instruments. As dyspnoea is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, routine dyspnoea assessment may improve management and relieve suffering. © 2020 European Dialysis and Transplant Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association.Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation in cardiac electrophysiology have already been studied extensively. However, there is a clear lack of techniques and methodologies for studying the propagation of action potential in a heart with structural defects. In this article, we present a modified version of the bidomain model, derived using homogenisation techniques with the assumption of existence of diffusive inclusions in the cardiac tissue. The diffusive inclusions represent regions without electrically active myocytes, for example, fat, fibrosis, and so forth. We present an application of this model to a rat heart. Starting from high-resolution MRI, the geometry of the heart is built and meshed using image processing techniques. We perform a study of the effects of tissue heterogeneities induced by diffusive inclusions on the velocity and shape of the depolarisation wavefront. We present several test cases with different geometries of diffusive inclusions. We reach the conclusion that the conduction velocity is not affected in the best cases, while it is affected by up to 76% in the worst case scenario. Additionally, the shape of the wavefront was affected in some cases. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role in maintaining plant diversity and productivity in grassland ecosystems. However, very few studies have investigated how AMF and plant communities co-vary between contrasting environments in natural ecosystems. Intensive sampling (50 soil samples) was conducted in natural open grasslands at both 3570 and 4556 m on Mount Segrila on the Southeast Tibetan Plateau. We used 454-pyrosequencing to investigate soil AMF communities and to explore relationships between AMF diversity and plant richness, productivity and community composition. AMF diversity was negatively correlated with plant richness at 3570 m but positively at 4556 m. Differences in AMF community composition between elevations were attributable to plant community composition, soil pH and available phosphorus concentration. The AMF community was more phylogenetically clustered at the higher elevation than the lower elevation. However, greater phylogenetic clustering (under dispersion) of AMF communities at the two elevations was positively correlated with above-ground biomass. Our results indicate that plant community composition and environmental filtering are the primary drivers structuring the AMF community. Phylogenetic relatedness may be important in explaining the function of AMF communities in alpine ecosystems. © 2020 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.In this article, the redox reaction mechanism of poly(phenanthrene quinone)/graphene composite (PFQ/rGO)  was determined using operando attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy during Li- and Mg- battery cycling. Reference phenanthrene quinone, Li- and Mg- salts of hydroquinone monomers were synthesized and their IR spectra measured. Additonally, IR spectra were calculated using density functional theory (DFT). A comparison of all three spectra operando , chemically synthesized and DFT, allowed us to properly assign C=O and C-O - vibration bands and confirm redox mechanism quinone/Li salt of hydroquinone with radical anion formation as the intermediate product. PFQ/rGO was also tested in Mg-battery where it showed exceptional performance potential 1.8 V vs. Mg/Mg 2+ , maximum capacity of 186 mAh/g (335 Wh/kg per cathode material), and high capacity retention, only 8% drop/100 cycles. Operando ATR-IR spectroscopy was performed in Mg-organic system as well, revealing analogous redox mechanism to Li-organic cell. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Both antibiotic-impregnated poly(methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate have been successfully used as local antibiotic delivery vehicles for the management of chronic osteomyelitis. Here, we examined the antibiotic elution characteristics and antibacterial properties of a composite drug delivery system consisting of PMMA/calcium sulfate carrying vancomycin (dual carrier-v) against Staphylococcus aureus, with PMMA loaded with vancomycin (PMMA-v) as a control. Voruciclib Vancomycin gradually degraded from dual carrier-v and PMMA-v up to about 8 and 6 weeks, respectively. At different elution time points, the inhibition zones of the dual carrier-v were larger than the inhibition zones of the PMMA-v (P  less then  0.05). The colony inhibition rate of the dual carrier-v was 95.57%, whereas it was 77.87% for PMMA-v. Scanning electron microscopy was used to demonstrate biofilm formation on the surface of plates treated with vancomycin-unloaded PMMA, whereas there was no biofilm formation on the surface of plates treated with dual carrier-v or PMMA-v. The dual carrier-v was more effective at antibacterial adhesion at each time point after immersion in simulated body fluid as compared with PMMA-v (P  less then  0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that the dual carrier-v can release higher concentrations of antibiotics and inhibit bacteria growth more effectively in vitro as compared with PMMA-v. The dual carrier-v thus may have potential as an alternative strategy for osteomyelitis management. © 2020 The Authors. Published by FEBS Press and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.