Borremccarty4981

Active mobility (AM), defined as walking and cycling for transportation, can improve health through increasing regular physical activity. However, these health improvements could be outweighed by harm from inhaling traffic-related air pollutants during AM participation. The interaction of AM and air pollutants on health is complex physiologically, manifesting as acute changes in health indicators that may lead to poor long-term health consequences. The aim of this study was to systematically review the current evidence of effect modification by air pollution (AP) on associations between AM and health indicators. Studies were included if they examined associations between AM and health indicators being modified by AP or, conversely, associations between AP and health indicators being modified by AM. Thirty-three studies met eligibility criteria. The main AP indicators studied were particulate matter, ultrafine particles, and nitrogen oxides. Most health indicators studied were grouped into cardiovascular and respiratory indicators. There is evidence of a reduction by AP, mainly ultrafine particles and PM2.5, in the short-term health benefits of AM. Multiple studies suggest that long-term health benefits of AM are not negatively associated with levels of the single traffic-related pollutant NO2. However, other studies reveal reduced long-term health benefits of AM in areas affected by high levels of pollutant mixtures. We recommend that future studies adopt consistent and rigorous study designs and include reporting of interaction testing, to advance understanding of the complex relationships between AM, AP, and health indicators.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that has developed antibiotic resistance (AR) and causes a range of illnesses, including respiratory pneumonia, gastrointestinal infections, keratitis, otitis media and bacteremia in patients with compromised immune system. The production of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) is one of the major mechanisms of AR in this bacterium with ensuing infections difficult to treat. The main goal of this study was to provide a quantitative estimate of MBLs producing clinical P. aeruginosa isolates among the Nepalese patients and determine if MBL correlates with multi-drug resistance (MDR). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline was followed for meta-analysis of relevant literature using PubMed, Research4Life, and Google Scholar. The prevalence of MBLs in P. aeruginosa from clinical samples was determined using R 4.1.2 for data pooled from studies published until 2021. The meta-analysis of a total of 19 studies selected (of 6038 studies for which titles and abstracts were reviewed) revealed the prevalence of MBLs producing P. aeruginosa (MBL-PA) was 14 % (95 % CI 0.10-0.19) while MDR isolates among P. aeruginosa was 42 % (95 % CI 0.30-0.55) in Nepal. Combined Disc Test was predominantly used phenotypic method for confirming MBLs phenotypes among the studies. Sputum was the most common specimen from which MBL-PA was recovered. A significant positive correlation was observed between MDR and MBL production in P. aeruginosa. We conclude that MBL producing strains are widespread among the clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Nepal and responsible for emerging MDR strains. It is paramount that antibiotics prescription against the bacterium should be monitored closely and alternative therapeutic modalities against MBL-PA explored.The use of antibiotics has become an indispensable part of the production and life of human society. Among them, sulfonamide antibiotics widely used in humans and animals are considered to be one of the most crucial antibiotics. However, antibiotics are difficult to degrade naturally, leading to an accumulation in the environment and a potential hazard to human health. In this paper, WS2 as a co-catalyst could reduce trace Fe(III) to Fe(II) which exhibited a great activating ability to PS through the exposed W(IV) active sites, and formed the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle to degrade sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) continuously. This paper systematically discussed the degradation of SCP under different conditions in the PS/WS2/Fe(III) system, including the amount of WS2, Fe(III) concentration, PS concentration, initial pH, natural organic matter (NOM) and common anions (NO3-, Cl-, HCO3-, HPO42- and H2PO4-). The experimental results showed that PS/WS2/Fe(III) system possessed a strong degradation ability for SCP in a wide pH range. NO3- and Cl- could promote the degradation of SCP a little. HCO3-, HPO42- and H2PO4- could significantly inhibit the degradation of SCP. The main types of free radicals that degraded SCP were explored. In addition, the stability and reusability of WS2 were examined, and two possible degradation pathways of SCP were proposed.Disposing of the enormous amounts of food waste (FW) produced worldwide remains a great challenge, promoting worldwide research on the utilization of FW for the generation of value-added products. Gasification is a significant approach for decomposing and converting organic waste materials into biochar, bio-oil, and syngas, which could be adapted for energy (hydrogen (H2) and heat) generation and environmental (removal of pollutants and improving the soil quality) applications. Employment of FW matrices for syngas production through gasification is one of the effective methods of energy recovery. This review explains different gasification processes (catalytic and non-catalytic) used for the decomposition of unutilized food wastes and the effect of operating parameters on H2-rich syngas generation. Also, potential applications of gasification byproducts such as biochar and bio-oil for effective valorization have been discussed. Besides, the scope of simulation to optimize the gasification conditions for the effective valorization of FW is elaborated, along with the current progress and challenges in the research to identify the feasibility of gasification technology for FW. Overall, this review concludes the sustainable route for conversion of unutilized food into hydrogen-enriched syngas production.The application of bioaugmentation (i.e., injection of contaminant-degrading microorganisms) has shown its potential to remove harmful cyanotoxins like microcystin-LR (MC-LR) from drinking water sources. However, the natural organic matter (NOM) present in both natural and engineered water systems might affect the bacterial biodegradation of MC-LR. Therefore, for the successful application of bioaugmentation for MC-LR removal in water treatment, it is important to understand NOM effects on MC-LR biodegradation. In this study, the impact of NOM [algal organic matter (AOM) and humic substances (HS)] on MC-LR biodegradation was evaluated in the presence of varying concentrations of NOM by monitoring MC-LR biodegradation kinetics. The changes in NOM composition during MC-LR biodegradation were also characterized by a five-component Parallel factor (PARAFAC) model using 336 excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra collected at different sampling points. Our results showed decreases in MC-LR biodegradation rate of 1.6-and 3.4-fold in the presence of AOM and HS, respectively. The expression of the functional mlrA gene exhibited a similar trend to the MC-LR degradation rate at different NOM concentrations. EEM-PARAFAC analyses and NOM molecular size fractionation results indicated a relatively greater production of terrestrial humic-like components (57%) and a decrease of protein-like components. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) analyses further confirmed that low molecular weight protein-like components were initially utilized by bacteria, followed by the formation of higher molecular weight humic-like components, likely due to microbial metabolism.Plastic pollution is increasing dramatically worldwide, causing adverse effects on a wide variety of marine organisms at all trophic levels. As predators, sharks play a key role in marine ecosystems and they could especially be threatened by the ingestion of microplastics. This study contributes to expand the existing data on the MPs ingestion by a Mediterranean elasmobranch species, Scyliorhinus canicula, adding new information on the potential impact that this class of contaminants can have on the metabolism of this ecologically relevant species. The present research is aimed i) to assess if the ingestion of MPs in S. canicula is related to sex, size and depth of catch; ii) to evaluate the effect of MPs on fish body condition; iii) to evaluate if the ingested MPs influence the amino acid and fatty acid composition of eye and liver. A total of 61 specimens of S. canicula were analysed. Forty-nine individuals (80.3 %) had ingested plastic items. Totally, 147 plastic elements were found, mainly belonging to small MPs (49 %), and large MPs (46 %), mostly represented by fibers (84 %). The predominant colour was black. No differences were found between sex and size. selleck compound A difference in the number of items/specimens related to the deep, highest between 50 and 100 m (4.4), while the lowest between 101 and 500 m (2.1) was found. The condition factor (Kn) value was equal to 1.00 highlighting the wellness of the fish. Arginine (20.1 %), Glutamate (17.4), Phenylalanine (15.7 %), Proline (15.6 %) and were the most abundant amino acids in the eyes of S. canicula. The relative fatty acid composition of the livers was dominated by fatty acids SA (30.2 %) (SFA), CA (29.9 %) (SFA) and OA (22.4 %) (MUFA). This paper reports a study on the relationship between amino acids and fatty acids composition and ingested MPs, highlighting that no significant effects were found.The migration and distribution of microplastic particles (MPs) in the natural environment has attracted global attention in recent years. However, little is known about the transport-deposition-reentrainment differences between MPs and natural mineral particles in porous media. In this study, polystyrene (PS) and silica (SiO2) particles, representing model MPs and natural mineral particles, respectively, were selected to study the responses of different particle types to changes in specific particle size and flow velocity. Three typical particle sizes and various flow velocities were chosen to compare and delineate the transport-deposition-reentrainment characteristics of PS and SiO2 in a packed-bed laboratory column. Collector efficiency was calculated using Tufenkji and Elimelech (TE) equation. The particle fractions released from the collector surfaces were predicted using DLVO theory and force analysis. Two types of particles were attached in the secondary minimum, which were either retained on the collecl of groundwater contamination with MPs of different sizes.The climate aridity since the mid-20th century has raised concerns about water resources on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). A lack of extended observation-like precipitation records for the eastern CLP (ECLP) means that it remains unclear whether or not the current arid state of the CLP is unprecedented, and the spatial-temporal characteristics of hydroclimatic variability across the CLP over past centuries are not well understood. Here we present a regional hydrological-year precipitation reconstruction for the Heichashan Mountains, which successfully captures hydroclimate changes on the ECLP since 1773 CE. The reconstruction explains 48.72 % of the observed variance for 1957-2019 CE and reveals a wetting trend since the early 2000s and shows 2014-2020 CE to have been the second wettest period over the past 248 years. 1910-1932 CE was the longest and driest period over the past centuries. Furthermore, the 19th century was relatively wet, whereas the 20th century was dry. We demonstrate that droughts tend to occur in warm periods.