Boonewilliams9749

This study presents the global research trends and interests, points out research gaps of available publications and suggests several implications for services and intervention programs for children infected with HIV/AIDS. While preventions of mother-to-child transmission have been extensively studied, more efforts should be made to fulfill the lack of research on young people who are at risk of being infected or who are already infected with HIV. System thinking approach is needed in the design and implementation of future studies. Copyright © 2020 Permanyer.Computed tomography (CT) is a crucial element of medical imaging diagnostics. The widespread application of this technology has made CT one of the major contributors to medical radiation burden, despite the fact that doses per individual CT scan steadily decrease due to the advancement of technology. Epidemiological risk assessment of CT exposure is hampered by the fact that moderate adverse effects triggered by low doses of CT exposure are likely masked by statistical fluctuations. In light of these limitations, there is need of further insights into the biological processes induced by CT scans to complement the existing knowledge base of risk assessment. This prompted us to investigate the early transcriptomic response of ex vivo irradiated peripheral blood of three healthy individuals. Samples were irradiated employing a modern dual-source-CT-scanner with a tube voltage of 150 kV, resulting in an estimated effective dose of 9.6 mSv. RNA was isolated 1 h and 6 h after exposure, respectively, and subsequently analyzed by RNA deep sequencing. Differential gene expression analysis revealed shared upregulation of AEN, FDXR, and DDB2 6 h after exposure in all three probands. All three genes have previously been discussed as radiation responsive genes and have already been implicated in DNA damage response and cell cycle control after DNA damage. In summary, we substantiated the usefulness of AEN, FDXR, and DDB2 as RNA markers of low dose irradiation. Moreover, the upregulation of genes associated with DNA damage reminds one of the genotoxic nature of CT diagnostics even with the low doses currently applied.Human beings have always suffered and have incurred irreparable damages from different disasters. The most logical way to deal with disaster is to be comprehensively prepared. In line with this, the readiness of hospitals in the vicinity of nuclear centers is of great importance, as this could lead to reduced injuries and damage. In this study, we aimed to develop a model by which hospitals could effectively react to nuclear incidents. This is a comparative study using library studies, including examining existing patterns, recommended policies and instructions of WHO and IEAE, and articles and documents of selected countries that have models for radiation disaster management. The primary developed model was discussed in expert panels and, ultimately, with some modifications, was finalized. The findings of the research indicated that the most important factors in the success of crisis management are skill in predicting a crisis and having a preparation plan for necessary measures at the time of an incident. Different countries have developed various approaches toward radiation incident management that are mostly focused on human resources, medical equipment, and physical space. The model plan developed here includes a two-part foundation with seven pillars. Intra- and intersectorial arrangements are considered as the foundation, and the pillars are physical structure, medical equipment, human resources, process and instructions, intra- and intrasectorial coordination, information systems, and organizational structure. Having an appropriate model for coping with radiation incidents is pivotal for hospitals active in areas with nuclear centers. Undoubtedly, existence of an effective and comprehensive model could reduce the consequences of radiation crises.Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces the production of vitamin D (VD), but it also causes erythema and skin cancer among other diseases. The amount of UVR to get benefit and avoid harm is unknown. click here Some principles were proposed to provide accessible information on how to avoid overexposure to the Sun. They are (1) the Shadow Rule (SR); (2) the UV Index (UVI); and (3) the Slip, Slop, Slap, Seek, Slide (5S) steps. This work discusses these principles in the tropics, considering measurements of solar UVR, total ozone column, and cloudiness. Indeed, the SR leads to overexposures. The UVI is adequate for cloudless skies, but it does not consider radiation enhancement events by clouds. "Seek shade" in the 5S steps should be more emphasized as it is both the most efficient step in terms of avoiding direct sun and the friendliest step toward the environment. Therefore, photoprotection attitudes in the tropics should focus on the UVI and the 5S steps in addition to considering both VD sufficiency and environmental outcomes. The SR is clearly inaccurate.The treatment of pets, service animals, and pre-clinical research subjects with radionuclides raises concern for the safety of the people who interact with the animals after their treatment. Three treatments of skeletal conditions in dogs are considered in this study Sm-1,4,7,10-tetraazacylcododecanetetramethylenephosphonic acid, which is a bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical; unencapsulated Y permanent interstitial implants, which are sometimes called "liquid brachytherapy"; and Sn radiosynoviorthesis, which is also called radiosynovectomy. External exposure rate readings of the Sm and Sn treatments, and Monte Carlo simulations of Sn at a distance of 1 m and of all three in direct contact with tissue were analyzed for doses. Dogs that have received any of these treatments using typically administered activities may be released from radiation safety isolation immediately after treatment from the standpoint of external exposure. People should avoid prolonged close proximity, such as sleeping with a treated dog, for three weeks following an Y interstitial implant or for a month following Sn radiosynoviorthesis. No such avoidance is necessary after treatment with Sm-1,4,7,10-tetraazacylcododecanetetramethylenephosphonic acid.