Boonegrossman4914

In mice, the Binder of Sperm Homolog 1 protein is exclusively expressed in the epididymis. BSP proteins play a role in the membrane modification events that occur during sperm capacitation. In the current study, we investigated the role of mouse recombinant BSP homolog 1 (rec-BSPH1) in sperm-egg interaction. Mouse oocytes were co-incubated with different concentrations of rec-BSPH1 or control proteins and then inseminated with sperm. To establish whether rec-BSPH1 interfered with in vitro fertilization of mouse oocytes, rec-BSPH1 binding to egg and sperm was first tested using an immunodetection assay. In separate experiments, sperm were immuno-neutralized by anti-rec-BSPH1 antibodies to indirectly verify the implication of BSPH1 in sperm-egg interaction and fertilization. The study revealed a dose-dependent inhibition of fertilization when oocytes were pre-incubated with rec-BSPH1. Moreover, sperm immuno-neutralization with anti-rec-BSPH1 antibodies led to dramatic motility changes, followed by compromised fertilization. selleck In view of these results, we conclude that BSPH1 could be a marker of sperm fertility and thus an eventual target for male contraceptive development. The nucleocapsid protein (NC) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a small, highly basic nucleic acid (NA)-binding protein with two CCHC zinc-finger motifs. In this study, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, that thermal stressed HIV-1 NCp7 maintained NA-binding activity. About 41.3% of NCp7 remained soluble after incubated at 100 °C for 60 min, and heat-treated NCp7 maintained its abilities to bind to HIV-1 packaging signal (Psi) and the stem-loop 3 of the Psi. At high or very high degrees of sequence occupancy, NCp7 inhibited first-strand cDNA synthesis catalyzed by purified HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and heat-treated NCp7 maintained the inhibition. Moreover, both EDTA-treated and H23K + H44K double mutant of NCp7 inhibited first-strand cDNA synthesis, demonstrating that the NA-binding activity of NCp7 at high NCNA ratios is independent on its zinc-fingers. These results may benefit further investigations of the structural stability and function of NCp7 in viral replication. 1,5-Anhydro-D-fructose (AF), a metabolite of the anhydrofructose pathway of glycogen metabolism, has recently been shown to react with intracellular proteins and form advanced glycation end-products. The reactive AF is metabolized to non-reactive 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol by AF reductase in animal tissues and human cells. Pig and mouse AF reductases were characterized, but primate AF reductase remains unknown. Here, we examined the AF-reducing activity of eleven primate NADPH-dependent reductases with broad substrate specificity for carbonyl compounds. AF was reduced by monkey dimeric dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DHDH), human aldehyde reductase (AKR1A1) and human dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase (DCXR). DHDH showed the lowest KM (21 μM) for AF, and its kcat/KM value (1208 s-1mM-1) was much higher than those of AKR1A1 (1.3 s-1mM-1), DCXR (1.1 s-1mM-1) and the pig and mouse AF reductases. AF is a novel substrate with higher affinity and catalytic efficiency than known substrates of DHDH. Docking simulation study suggested that Lys156 in the substrate-binding site of DHDH contributes to the high affinity for AF. Gene database searches identified DHDH homologues (with >95% amino acid sequence identity) in humans and apes. Thus, DHDH acts as an efficient AF reductase in primates. Gastric cancer (GC) remains a serious threat to human health with a high cancer-related death rate and unsatisfactory treatment effects after curative resection, especially with advanced GC. Thus, exploration of the molecular mechanism of cisplatin (CDDP) resistance in GC is crucial. circCCDC66 (hsa_circ_0001313) expression was detected by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR in GC cell lines and tissues. The characteristics of circCCDC66 in CDDP resistance in GC were evaluated in vivo and vitro. We performed luciferin reporter assays, biotin-coupled RNA pull-downs and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to assess the relationship of miR-618 to circCCDC66. Function was determined by cytotoxicity assay, western immunoblotting and TUNEL. CircCCDC66 was overexpressed in CDDP-resistant cells and tissues. The circCCDC66 expression was significantly associated with malignancy and was an independent risk factor for disease-free survival (DFS) in GC patients treated by CDDP based chemotherapy. Data from in vitro and vivo experiments demonstrated that circCCDC66 inhibited apoptosis by targeting miR-618 and release of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2). CircCCDC66 is an essential regulator in the development of CDDP resistance and may serve as a promising therapeutic target for GC patients. Otherwise, our study adds more evidence of circRNA functioning as a sequestering agent for miRNA. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest neurodegenerative disease and, in recent years, studies have increasingly shown that vascular lesions are involved in the pathology of AD onset and progression. Many vascular changes precede the pathological changes and clinical symptoms of AD, and vascular lesions and AD have many common risk factors. Understanding the relationship between vascular factors and the pathological process of AD may help us to identify novel prevention and treatment strategies as well as delay disease progress. Previous studies have shown that lycopene has neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anticancer effects; however, the specific molecular mechanism mediating these effects remains unknown. In the present study, we found 1) lycopene improved learning and memory in an AD mouse model; 2) lycopene inhibited amyloid plaque aggregation and neuroinflammation; and 3) lycopene induced LXR expression and activated the LXR-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that promotion of neurogenesis and improvement of the functions of the neurovascular unit could be a novel direction for the development of AD therapies. Toxin-antitoxin systems are known to be involved in many bacterial functions that can lead to growth arrest and cell death in response to stress. Typically, toxin and antitoxin genes of type I systems are located in opposite strands, where the antitoxin is a small antisense RNA (sRNA). In the present work we show that the sRNA IsrA from Salmonella Typhimurium down-regulates the expression of its overlapping gene STM0294.1n. Multiple sequence alignment and comparative structure analysis indicated that STM0294.1n belongs to the SymE toxin superfamily, and the gene was renamed iasE (IsrA-overlapping gene with similarity to SymE). The iasE expression was induced in response to mitomycin C, an SOS-inducing agent; conversely, IsrA overexpression repressed the iasE expression even in the presence of mitomycin C. Accordingly, the inactivation of IsrA with an anti-IsrA RNA expressed in trans abrogated the repressive effect of IsrA on the iasE expression. On the other hand, iasE overexpression, as well as the blockage of the antisense IsrA function, negatively affected bacterial growth, arguing for a toxic effect of the iasE gene product.