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Under the optimum conditions, the reduction rate reached more than 99% using irradiation by 1000 W visible light for 30 min.Wastewater contains a large number of anions and organics which can scavenge reactive radicals and limit the application of sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) in practical engineering. Here, we studied the removal rate and mechanism of aniline by SR-AOPs in different influencing factors, such as sodium persulfate dosage, ferrous ions dosage, solution pH, Cl-, HCO3-, NO3-, and other organic matter. By recognizing and analyzing free radicals, we concluded that SO4•- plays a major role in aniline degradation. The aniline removal rate increased with the initial concentrations of persulfate and ferrous ions, but aniline degradation was inhibited by excessive dosage. The aniline removal rate by ferrous-ions-catalyzed persulfate was higher under acidic conditions and could be improved under alkaline conditions if no ferrous ions were added. The addition of bicarbonate ions inhibited aniline removal, and the addition of nitrate ions barely caused the effect. While the addition of chloride ions promoted aniline degradation, which was confirmed that HClO generated from the reacting of Cl- and persulfate played a key role. However, TOC indicated that aniline was not completely mineralized in the process. Further analysis of the products from GC-MS demonstrated that chloride-ion additions produced some harmful halogenated by-products. Our results can act as a basis for developing processes for the aniline degradation in wastewater.The anaerobic fermentation (AF) of waste activated sludge (WAS) with an electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) was investigated to determine its correlation with the release of phosphorus and the disintegration of WAS. The sludge was pretreated by holding under 4.5 V for 60 min, followed by AF for 9 days. Untreated sludge was used as the control group (no-EPT). Results showed that, with pretreatment, the total dissolved P (TDP), orthophosphate (PO43--P) and organic P (OP) reached the maximum values of 7.30 mg/L, 4.77 mg/L and 2.35 mg/L on day 8, respectively, which were approximately 5.3, 9.2 and 2.7 times greater than that in the control group. The analysis of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), protein and polysaccharides showed that the EPT promoted the disintegration of sludge, thereby enhancing the P release. The SCOD reached 1625 mg/L on day 6 in pretreatment experiment, which was about 9.8 times greater than that in control group. Additionally, the EPT contributed to fewer metal ions in sludge supernatant. This mechanism might have been due to the anions accumulating in the supernatant from the greater degree of sludge collapse after EPT, which caused the released metal ions to combine with anions to form insoluble compounds. In conclusion, EPT could be a promising method for the dissolution of sludge and the recovery of phosphorus from WAS under AF. Besides, the economic benefit evaluation showed the potential value of EPT for P recovery.Resistant superficial dermatophytic infections of the skin and its appendages have emerged as a major health problem in India. Mutations in Squalene epoxidase gene have led to increasing incidence of resistance to terbinafine in dermatophytic isolates. We examined six patients with recalcitrant dermatophytosis attending Dermatology OPD at a tertiary care hospital and demonstrated terbinafine resistance by molecular method. Immediate hyperitivity (IH) reaction to Trichophytin antigen was highlighted in these patients. The patients were treated with alternate antifungals after demonstration of resistance to terbinafine based on the antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST). On follow up the patients responded well to the substitute but the duration of therapy had to be prolonged beyond six weeks.Biogas digestate is a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and could pose a high health risk to both human and animals if the host microorganisms of ARGs become aerosolized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity and relative abundance characteristics of aerosol-loaded ARGs from biogas digestate during storage, and to explore whether the change of ARGs in biogas digestate directly affect the dispersion of aerosol-loaded ARGs. This study reported for the first time that 28 of 42 ARG subtypes detected in the biogas digestate could be dispersed to the atmosphere via aerosol dispersion in a lab-scale dynamic emission vessels experiment. The relative abundance or diversity of ARGs in aerosols were different from that in biogas digestate, and no significant correlation were observed between the relative abundance of ARGs in biogas digestate and aerosols. The dominant ARGs were tetracycline resistance genes in biogas digestate and β-lactam resistance genes in aerosols. The process of biogas digestate storage reduced the total relative abundance of targeted ARGs in biogas digestate, decreased by 0.35 copies/16S rRNA after 30 days of storage, but increased the abundance of some ARG subtypes, including tetM, tetX, tetQ, tetS, ermF and sul2. High-concerned ARGs, including NDM-1, mcr-1 and vancomycin resistance genes (including vanA, vanB, vanRA and vanSA), were found in biogas digestate, and NDM-1 and vanB were also detected in aerosols. These results indicated a potential risk of ARGs dispersion during biogas digestate storage. Further research on the dispersion of ARGs from biogas digestate is required to elucidate the emission mechanism and develop mitigation measures.The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected various aspects of life, at different levels and in different countries on almost every continent. In response, many countries have closed their borders and imposed lockdown policies, possibly bringing benefits to people's health with significantly less emission from air pollutants. Currently, most studies or reports are based on local observations at the city or country level. There remains a lack of systematic understanding of the impacts of different lockdown policies on the air quality from a global perspective. PKC-theta inhibitor chemical structure This study investigates the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic towards global air quality through examining global nitrogen dioxide (NO2) dynamics from satellite observations between 1 January and 30 April 2020. We used the Apriori algorithm, an unsupervised machine learning method, to investigate the association among confirmed cases of COVID-19, NO2 column density, and the lockdown policies in 187 countries. The findings based on weekly data revealed that countries with new cases adopted various lockdown policies to stop or prevent the virus from spreading whereas those without tended to adopt a wait-and-see attitude without enforcing lockdown policies.