Boisenstevenson2792

In this study, the looping materials of Fe2O3, CaO, mechanically mixed CaO and Fe2O3, and chemically synthesized Ca2Fe2O5 were tested for comparison of the performance and gas evolution processes. The reaction mechanism was illustrated to have an insight into the Fe2O3/CaO-based chemical looping process. Results found that the reduction from Fe2O3 to Fe3O4 trended to form CO2 while the transition of Fe3O4 to Fe happened after 650 °C was most likely to release CO. CO2 adsorption by CaO during 400-600 °C and further desorbed at higher temperature for CO2 Boudouard reaction which enhanced the biomass conversion. Mechanically mixed CaO and Fe2O3 maintained the properties of CaO and Fe2O3 with CO2 transfer and oxygen releasing during chemical looping reaction process, while the synthesized Ca2Fe2O5 presented hard reducibility which prefer to generate CO with the highest concentration (34.96 vol%) during chemical looping process at 850 °C. Municipal solid waste (MSW), an inexorable by-product of anthropogenic activities composes of nearly 50% of the organic (biogenic) fraction. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) was studied to facilitate thermal depolymerization of organic fraction of MSW to biocrude at sub-critical region of water (200 °C; 100 bar pressure) employing H2 induced reducing conditions. Food, vegetable, and composite wastes were evaluated as feedstocks to produce HTL derivatives in the form of liquor (biocrude and aqueous phase), biochar and bio-gas. The biocrude (HTLOF) showed middle oil as major fraction along with C6-C22 compounds. Composite waste resulted in relatively higher yield of biocrude fraction. The aqueous phase (HTLAF) documented the presence of reducing sugars, sotolon and furfurals as major fraction. Biochar (HTLBC) composition showed maximum carbon fraction followed by hydrogen and oxygen. H2 induced reduced condition facilitated conversion of the biogenic MSW at relatively lower input conditions to various biobased fractions cohesively addressing the basic biorefinery requirement. Microbial protein is proposed as an alternative protein source with low environmental impact. Methane oxidizing bacteria are already produced at commercial scale from natural gas. However, their productivity is limited because of the creation of explosive atmospheres in the fermenters during production. This work demonstrates the applicability of bioreactors with a membrane-based gas supply via diffusion. Methanotrophic bacteria were successfully cultivated, with growth yields from 0.26 to 0.43 g-VSS g-CH4-1, slightly below those observed in analogous fermenters relying on bubbling. However, ammonia yields ranged from 5.2 to 6.9 g-VSS g-NH3-1, indicating higher nitrogen assimilation than in conventional fermenters. Indeed, protein content increased during the operational period reaching up to 51% of dry weight. The amino acid profile included the majority of the essential amino acids, demonstrating suitability as feed ingredient. Never during the operational period was an explosive atmosphere established in the reactor. Prexasertib datasheet Thus, bubble-free membrane bioreactors are a promising technology for microbial protein production relying on explosive gas mixtures. BACKGROUND Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Currently, there is no approved medication for MS-related fatigue. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of memantine for improving fatigue in patients with MS. METHODS This was a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eligible patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) according to the McDonald criteria were randomized to receive either memantine (20 mg/day) or placebo and were assessed at baseline and three months after treatment. The change in the severity of fatigue was determined by the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). RESULTS Sixty-four patients were randomly allocated to the memantine (n = 32) and placebo (n = 32) groups. Sixteen patients in the memantine group and 24 patients in the placebo group completed the study. The mean [95% CI] absolute change in MFIS scores from baseline did not differ significantly between the memantine (-5.8 [-12.7 to 1.0]) and placebo (-4.0 [-10.6 to 2.7]) groups (between-group difference -1.9 [-11.7 to 7.8], P = .702). No serious adverse events were reported, except for dizziness and sedation in four patients in the experimental arm, which resulted in discontinuation. CONCLUSION This trial failed to prove any clinical efficacy of memantine for the management of MS-related fatigue. Although memantine was generally well-tolerated, adverse events were among the major causes of dropout in this study. V.OBJECTIVES Delivery mode of term breech presentation is still being discussed. The aim of this study was to compare the labor management of a breech presentation to a vertex presentation during a vaginal delivery attempt. METHODS It was a single-center, comparative, descriptive retrospective study from 2014 to 2017. We studied fetal heart rate (FHR) during labor and expulsion, duration of the different stage of labor, mode of delivery and neonatal outcomes for breech and vertex presentations. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty-nine patients were included whom 106 (44%) breech presentation. The use of oxytocin was more common in breech group (63,2% versus 48,1%, p = 0,020). Average dilatation rate was slower for breech presentation than for vertex presentation (1,9 cm/h vs 2,8 cm/h; p=0,005). There was more FHR with high risk of acidosis in the breech presentations (37,2% vs 19,1%, p = 0,001) and Melchior's FHR classification were comparable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The per-partum management of a fetus in breech presentation differs from a fetus in cephalic presentation. It must be known and anticipated for an optimal management in the delivery room. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Hubei Province, China in December 2019 and has since become a global pandemic, with hundreds of thousands of cases and over 165 affected countries. Primary routes of transmission of the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), are through respiratory droplets and close person-to-person contact. While information about other potential modes of transmission are relatively sparse, evidence supporting the possibility of a fecally-mediated mode of transmission has been accumulating. Here, current knowledge on the potential for fecal transmission is briefly reviewed and the possible implications are discussed from a public health perspective.