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22 g/100 g) as the richest source of these prebiotics and its suitability as a functional food ingredient.In this study, oils extracted from nigella seeds (NS) subjected to microwave roasting at 180, 360, 540 and 720 W for 5 and 10 min were evaluated for quality and stability characteristics. The impact of microwave powers on oil yield, pigment content, Maillard reaction products (MRPs), radical scavenging activity (RSA), color, viscosity, total phenolic content (TPC), oxidative stability index (OSI) and fatty acid composition (FAC) of oil was studied. TPC, RSA, OSI, MRPs, viscosity, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were higher in oil of NS heated at 720 W for 10 min while maximum oil yield and low acid value was observed for NS heated at 540 W for 10 min. Navoximod molecular weight FAC was slightly influenced by microwave roasting and FTIR spectra exhibited a minor difference in intensities of peaks at 3009, 2925, 2854, 1745 and 1161 cm-1. The results of the study indicated that microwave roasting improves NS oil quality characteristics.Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and BSA-glucose conjugates (GBSAⅠ and GBSAⅠI) with different extent of glycation were complexed with curcumin (CUR). link2 The formation mechanism of BSA/GBSA-CUR complexes and the effect of glycation on their physicochemical properties were investigated. Fluorescence quenching and FTIR analysis indicated that the BSA/GBSA-CUR nanocomplexes were formed mainly by hydrophobic interactions. XRD analysis demonstrated that CUR was present in an amorphous state in the nanocomplexes. BSA with a greater extent of glycation (BSA less then GBSAⅠ less then GBSAⅠI) displayed a higher binding affinity for CUR. The highest CUR encapsulation efficiency (86.77%) and loading capacity (7.81 mg/g) were obtained in the GBSAⅠI-CUR nanocomplex. The zeta-potential varied from -17.45 to -27.65 mV, depending on the extent of glycation. Furthermore, the physicochemical stability of BSA/GBSA-CUR nanocomplexes increased with the increasing extent of glycation of BSA. Thus, the obtained GBSAⅠI have the potential to become new delivery carriers for encapsulating hydrophobic food components.The paper reports the development of a RF ion source-based transportable compact neutron generator and its application in detecting special nuclear material using the differential die away approach. We present experimental results for the detection of nuclear material in a low-density metallic matrix using an in-house developed 14 MeV (D-T) neutron generator. We have used multi-linear regression for accurately determining the quantity of fissile material even with a small data set.There is a paucity of evidence regarding interventions that can improve the mental health of adversity-affected young adolescents living in low-resource settings. We evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, relevance, and safety of the World Health Organization's Early Adolescent Skills for Emotions (EASE) intervention among Burundian refugee adolescents and their caregivers in Tanzania. This study consisted of a feasibility cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) and a process evaluation. The feasibility cRCT included 82 young adolescents and their 64 caregivers, with two clusters randomized to EASE and two to an enhanced control condition. EASE was delivered by adult refugees without prior training in mental health. The process evaluation consisted of 36 semi-structured qualitative interviews with key stakeholders, including adolescents, caregivers, and facilitators. EASE participants and facilitators gave positive feedback about its format, accessibility, and content. Trained non-specialist refugee facilitators were able to deliver EASE with high fidelity. The research protocol functioned well in terms of balanced randomization, limited loss to follow-up, and psychometrically promising measures, but discordance was observed between the short screener and psychological distress symptom checklist. This formative study suggests the potential of EASE in targeting psychological distress among displaced young adolescents and lays the groundwork for a future definitive trial.The phenotypic spectrum of STXBP1-related encephalopathy ranges from infantile epileptic encephalopathy to intellectual disability with nonsyndromic or absent epilepsy. Although being frequently reported, the tremor associated with STXBP1 has not been fully characterized to date. The aim of our study was to describe it. We recruited patients with intellectual disability due to STXBP1 variants, regardless of their epileptic phenotype, who had tremor at examination and who underwent neurophysiological testing including polymyographic registration of upper limbs muscles activity at rest, during posture maintenance and action. Six patients met the inclusion criteria over four years. Clinically, all had a postural and action distal tremor increased by emotions. Neurophysiological recordings showed a specific myoclonus pattern and were highly suggestive of a subcortical generator. The tremor-like observed in STXBP1 encephalopathy is due to a subcortical pseudo-rhythmic myoclonus.Drug-induced homicide (DIH) laws typically allow for the prosecution of drug distribution resulting in an overdose fatality as equivalent to homicide or manslaughter. Despite vigorous debate about the appropriateness of DIH laws as a response to overdose, the public health impacts of this increasingly common prosecutorial strategy remain unknown. In this policy analysis, we take up the question of how DIH prosecutions impact local persons and communities through the lens of a high-profile DIH conviction that took place in Haywood County, a rural county located in the Appalachian region of western North Carolina. Describing insights gained from two unrelated but overlapping studies carried out in Haywood County, we identify several plausible mechanisms through which DIH laws may negatively impact public health. Among these are disruptions to the local drug market and deterrence from calling 911 when witnessing an overdose. With the number of DIH prosecutions growing rapidly, more research on the public health impacts of DIH laws is urgently needed.

There has been a recent increase in adulteration of opioids with low concentration actives such as fentanyl analogues and benzodiazepines. As drug checking projects using vibrational spectroscopy continue to seek confirmatory lab-based testing, the concern and reality of missing these potentially harmful substances in point-of-care testing is prevalent.

A portable GC-MS was used to analyze select opioid samples acquired at a drug checking service in Victoria, Canada (n=59). Certified reference standards of several fentanyl analogues and benzodiazepines were measured to guide targeted analysis of these samples. Results were compared with those obtained using a lab-based paper spray mass spectrometer.

Portable GC-MS was able to identify 62% of samples containing carfentanil and 36% of samples containing etizolam. In the case of etizolam, the success rate was higher for more potent samples 78% of etizolam-containing samples were identified when the etizolam concentration was above 3% by weight. In comparison, infrared spectroscopy was able to detect etizolam in only 9% of the etizolam-containing samples, and is not sensitive enough to detect carfentanil at relevant concentrations.

Portable GC-MS has potential in identifying low concentration substances in a point-of-care setting, without relying on subsequent off-site confirmatory testing.

Portable GC-MS has potential in identifying low concentration substances in a point-of-care setting, without relying on subsequent off-site confirmatory testing.p53 plays a major role in genome maintenance. In addition to multiple p53 functions in the control of DNA repair, a regulation of DNA damage bypass via translesion synthesis has been implied in vitro. Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes for affinity maturation of antibody responses is based on aberrant translesion polymerase action and must be subject to stringent control to prevent genetic alterations and lymphomagenesis. When studying the role of p53 in somatic hypermutation in vivo, we found altered translesion polymerase-mediated AT mutagenesis in mice lacking p53 in all organs, but notably not in mice with B cell-specific p53 inactivation, implying that p53 functions in non-B cells may alter mutagenesis in B cells. During class switch recombination, when p53 prevents formation of chromosomal translocations, we in addition detected a B cell-intrinsic role for p53 in altering GC and AT mutagenesis. Thus, p53 regulates translesion polymerase activity and shows differential activity during somatic hypermutation versus class switch recombination in vivo. Finally, p53 inhibition leads to increased somatic hypermutation in human B lymphoma cells. We conclude that loss of p53 function may promote genetic instability via multiple routes during antibody diversification in vivo.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel viral infection threatening worldwide health as currently there exists no effective treatment strategy and vaccination programs are not publicly available yet. T lymphocytes play an important role in antiviral defenses. However, T cell frequency and functionality may be affected during the disease.

Total blood samples were collected from patients with mild and severe COVID-19, and the total lymphocyte number, as well as CD4+ and CD8 + T cells were assessed using flowcytometry. Besides, the expression of exhausted T cell markers was evaluated. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines were also investigated in the serum of all patients using enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (ELISA). Finally, the obtained results were analyzed along with laboratory serological reports.

COVID-19 patients showed lymphopenia and reduced CD4+ and CD8 + T cells, as well as high percentage of PD-1 expression by T cells, especially in severe cases. Serum secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, anstic factors in determining the severity of the infection.Bone is a self-regenerative tissue that can repair small defects and fractures. In large defects, bone tissue is unable to provide nutrients and oxygen for repair, and autologous grafting is used as the gold standard. As an alternative method, the bone tissue regeneration approach uses osteoconductive biomaterials to overcome bone graft disadvantages. link3 However, biomaterials are considered as foreign components that can stimulate host immune responses. Although traditional principles have been aimed to minimize immune reactions, the design of biomaterials has steadily shifted toward creating an immunomodulatory microenvironment to harness immune cells and responses to repair damaged tissue. Among immune cells, macrophages secrete various immunomodulatory mediators and crosstalk with bone-forming cells and play key roles in bone tissue engineering. Macrophage polarization toward M1 and M2 subtypes mediate pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, respectively, which are crucial for bone repairing at different stages. This review provides an overview of the crosstalk between various immune cells and biomaterials, macrophage polarization, and the effect of physicochemical properties of biomaterials on the immune responses, especially macrophages, in bone tissue engineering.