Blevinsstanton4625

Manufacturing and resource industries are the key drivers for economic growth with a huge environmental cost (e.g. BTK activity discharge of industrial effluents and post-mining substrates). Pollutants from waste streams, either organic or inorganic (e.g. heavy metals), are prone to interact with their physical environment that not only affects the ecosystem health but also the livelihood of local communities. Unlike organic pollutants, heavy metals or trace metals (e.g. chromium, mercury) are non-biodegradable, bioaccumulate through food-web interactions and are likely to have a long-term impact on ecosystem health. Microorganisms provide varied ecosystem services including climate regulation, purification of groundwater, rehabilitation of contaminated sites by detoxifying pollutants. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of methanotrophs, a group of bacteria that can use methane as a sole carbon and energy source, to transform toxic metal (loids) such as chromium, mercury and selenium. In this review, we synthesise recent advances in the role of essential metals (e.g. copper) for methanotroph activity, uptake mechanisms alongside their potential to transform toxic heavy metal (loids). Case studies are presented on chromium, selenium and mercury pollution from the tanneries, coal burning and artisanal gold mining, respectively, which are particular problems in the developing economy that we propose may be suitable for remediation by methanotrophs. Video Abstract.

Sub-Saharan Africa carries a disproportionate burden of under-five child deaths in the world and appropriate breastfeeding practices can support efforts to reduce child mortality rates. Health facilities are important in the promotion of early and exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of this review was to examine facility-based barriers and facilitators to early and exclusive breastfeeding in Sub-Saharan Africa.

A systematic search was conducted on Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL, African Journals Online and African Index Medicus from database inception to April 29, 2021 and primary research studies on breastfeeding practices in health facilities in Sub-Saharan Africa were included in the review. We assessed qualitative studies with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist and quantitative studies using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tool. The review protocol was registered to Prospero prior to conducting the review (CRD42020167414).

Of the 56 included studies, relatistrengthen respectful maternity care in the delivery of breastfeeding counselling, particularly in supporting HIV-positive mothers within the context of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Epigenetic regulation of the gene expression results from interaction between the external environment and transcription of the genetic information encoded in DNA. Methylated CpG regions within the gene promoters lead to silencing of the gene expression in most cases. Factors contributing to epigenetic regulation include intestinal microbiota, which in chicken can be potently modified by in ovo stimulation. The main aim of this study was to determine global and specific methylation patterns of the spleen under the influence of host-microbiome interaction.

Fertilized eggs of two genotypes Ross 308 and Green-legged Partridgelike were in ovo stimulated on d 12 of incubation. The injected compounds were as follows probiotic - Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris IBB477, prebiotic - galactooligosaccharides, and synbiotic - combination of both. Chickens were sacrificed on d 42 post-hatching. Spleen was collected, RNA and DNA were isolated and intended to gene expression, gene methylation and global methylation analysis. We have proved that negative regulation of gene expression after administration of bioactive substances in ovo might have epigenetic character. Epigenetic changes depend on the genotype and the substance administered in ovo.

Epigenetic nature of microbial reprogramming in poultry and extension of issues related to host-microbiome interaction is a new direction of this research.

Epigenetic nature of microbial reprogramming in poultry and extension of issues related to host-microbiome interaction is a new direction of this research.

Apatinib, a novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of metastatic gastric cancer and other tumors. Apatinib exerts antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in different kinds of cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which apatinib effective against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have only been partially researched and whether it has a sensitizing effect on paclitaxel remains unclear.

The effects of apatinib or paclitaxel on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, apoptosis and proliferation of ESCC cell lines were evaluated. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to detect the expression of related genes. The weight and volume of xenograft tumors in mice were measured.

In the current study, we elucidated the antiproliferative and ER-stress-mediated autophagy-inducing effects of apatinib on ECA-109 and KYSE-150 esophageal squamous cancer cells and identified the undeanced apatinib-induced apoptosis. The combination of apatinib and CQ sensitized ESCC cells to paclitaxel to induce apoptosis through the IRE-1α-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, thus providing the basis for its use in innovative anticancer therapeutic strategies.

Despite public health interventions to control adolescent fertility, it remains high in sub-Saharan Africa. Ghana is one of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa with the highest adolescent fertility rates. We examined the trends and socio-economic and geographical patterns of disparities in adolescent fertility in Ghana from 1993 to 2014.

Using the World Health Organization's (WHO) Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) software, data from the 1993-2014 Ghana Demographic and Health surveys were analyzed. First, we disaggregated adolescent fertility rates (AFR) by four equity stratifiers wealth index, education, residence and region. Second, we measured the inequality through summary measures, namely Difference (D), Population Attributable Risk (PAR), Ratio (R) and Population Attributable Fraction (PAF). A 95 % confidence interval was constructed for point estimates to measure statistical significance.

We observed substantial absolute and relative wealth-driven inequality in AFR (PAR=-47.18, 95 % CI; -49se living in regions such as Northern, Brong Ahafo, and Central region, with increasing disparity over the time period of the study. There is the need for policy interventions that target adolescent girls residing in the rural areas and those in the low socioeconomic subgroups to enable the country to avert the high maternal/newborn morbidity and mortality usually associated with adolescent childbearing.

This study has indicated the existence of inequality in adolescent fertility rate in Ghana, with higher ferlitiy rates among adolescent girls who are poor, uneducated, rural residents and those living in regions such as Northern, Brong Ahafo, and Central region, with increasing disparity over the time period of the study. There is the need for policy interventions that target adolescent girls residing in the rural areas and those in the low socioeconomic subgroups to enable the country to avert the high maternal/newborn morbidity and mortality usually associated with adolescent childbearing.

Dental pulp necrosis, a common health problem, is traditionally treated with root canal therapy; however, it fails in restoring the vitality of damaged pulp. Most studies regarding regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) are limited to the treatment of immature necrotic teeth. Given that injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) has shown great potential in regenerative medicine as a novel platelet concentration, this study is designed to explore whether i-PRF can serve as a biological scaffold, extending the indications for RET and improving the clinical feasibility of RET in mature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis.

This is a randomised, double-blind, controlled, multicentre clinical trial designed to evaluate the clinical feasibility of RET for mature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis and to compare the efficacy of i-PRF and blood clots as scaffolds in RET. A total of 346 patients will be recruited from three centres and randomised at an allocation ratio of 11 to receive RET with either a blood clot or i-PRF. The changes in subjective symptoms, clinical examinations, and imaging examinations will be tracked longitudinally for a period of 24 months. The primary outcome is the success rate of RET after 24 months. The secondary outcome is the change in pulp vitality measured via thermal and electric pulp tests. In addition, the incidence of adverse events such as discolouration, reinfection, and root resorption will be recorded for a safety evaluation.

This study will evaluate the clinical feasibility of RET in mature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis, providing information regarding the efficacy, benefits, and safety of RET with i-PRF. These results may contribute to changes in the treatment of pulp necrosis in mature permanent teeth and reveal the potential of i-PRF as a novel biological scaffold for RET.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04313010 . Registered on 19 March 2020.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04313010 . Registered on 19 March 2020.Myelodysplastic syndrome with myelofibrosis (MDS-MF) has been associated with an inferior prognosis compared with MDS without MF. However, MDS-MF is not listed independently as a subtype of MDS, and its clinical and genetic characteristics remain poorly understood. We retrospectively compared 53 patients with MDS-MF (44 MF grade 1/MF1; 9 MF grade 2-3/MF2 - 3) and 31 with de novo MDS without MF (MDS). The leukemic transformation risks of both MDS-MF2 - 3 and MDS-MF1 were increased compared with the MDS group. To identify the potential mechanisms responsible for the leukemic transformation of MDS-MF, we performed single-cell sequencing for one MDS-MF2 - 3 patient before and after leukemic transformation to explore the variations in gene expression levels. In addition to upgraded expression levels of acute myeloid leukemia-related genes during leukemic transformation, expression levels of some inflammation-related genes (such as S100s, RNASE3, and CYBB) were also increased, and inflammation-related pathways were up-regulated. These results suggest that inflammation-related genes and pathways may play an important role in the leukemic transformation of MDS-MF.

RASopathies are a group of syndromes showing clinical overlap caused by mutations in genes affecting the RAS-MAPK pathway. Consequent disruption on cellular signaling leads and is driven by phosphoproteome remodeling. However, we still lack a comprehensive picture of the different key players and altered downstream effectors.

An in silico interactome of RASopathy proteins was generated using pathway enrichment analysis/STRING tool, including identification of main hub proteins. We also integrated phosphoproteomic and immunoblotting studies using previous published information on RASopathy proteins and their neighbors in the context of RASopathy syndromes. Data from Phosphosite database ( www.phosphosite.org ) was collected in order to obtain the potential phosphosites subjected to regulation in the 27 causative RASopathy proteins. We compiled a dataset of dysregulated phosphosites in RASopathies, searched for commonalities between syndromes in harmonized data, and analyzed the role of phosphorylation in the syndromes by the identification of key players between the causative RASopathy proteins and the associated interactome.