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We aimed to compare implant osseointegration with calcium phosphate (CaP) surfaces and rough subtractive-treated sandblasted/acid etched surfaces (SA) in an in vivo minipig mandible model.

A total of 36 cylindrical press-fit implants with two different surfaces (CaP, n = 18; SA, n = 18) were inserted bilaterally into the mandible of 9 adult female minipigs. After 2, 4, and 8 weeks, we analyzed the cortical bone-to-implant contact (cBIC; %) and area coverage of bone-to-implant contact within representative bone chambers (aBIC; %).

After 2 weeks, CaP implants showed no significant increase in cBIC and aBIC compared to SA (cBIC mean 38 ± 5 vs. 16 ± 11%; aBIC mean 21 ± 1 vs. 6 ± 9%). Two CaP implants failed to achieve osseointegration. After 4 weeks, no statistical difference between CaP and SA was seen for cBIC (mean 54 ± 15 vs. 43 ± 16%) and aBIC (mean 43 ± 28 vs. 32 ± 6). However, we excluded two implants in each group due to failure of osseointegration. After 8 weeks, we observed no significant intergroup differences (cBIC 18 ± 9 vs. 18 ± 20%; aBIC 13 ± 8 vs. 16 ± 9%). Again, three CaP implants and two SA implants had to be excluded due to failure of osseointegration.

Due to multiple implant losses, we cannot recommend the oral mandibular minipig in vivo model for future endosseous implant research. Considering the higher rate of osseointegration failure, CaP coatings may provide an alternative to common subtractive implant surface modifications in the early phase post-insertion.

Due to multiple implant losses, we cannot recommend the oral mandibular minipig in vivo model for future endosseous implant research. Considering the higher rate of osseointegration failure, CaP coatings may provide an alternative to common subtractive implant surface modifications in the early phase post-insertion.

Irritable mood (IM) and subthreshold hypomanic symptoms are reported in half and two-fifths of major depressed subjects respectively, but their clinical and prognostic meanings remain unclear. The aim of this study was to test the clinical usefulness of 2 specifiers in DSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD) IM occurring during an index episode (IM+) and lifetime episodes of elated mood or IM with at least 2 concurrent hypomanic symptoms (subthreshold hypomanic episodes [SHEs]).

We included 482 outpatients with MDD participating in the Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcome study (mean age 43.14 ± 12.46 years, 144 males - 30%). The main aim of the original study was to test whether 2 different medications when given in combination as the first treatment step, compared to 1 medication, would improve antidepressant response.

IM + subjects (N = 349; 70%) were younger and more often females, with a more severe depression, a more marked social impairment, and more psychiatric comorbidities. The IM + group was also characterized by higher levels of suicidal ideation and more cases of emotional abuse. The combination of IM+ and SHEs was associated with an even more severe clinical picture. Limitations include the post hoc method, incomplete assessment of bipolar validators (e.g., family history of bipolar illness), personality disorders and suicide attempts.

The presence of IM and SHEs in MDD correlate with an overall more severe clinical condition.

The presence of IM and SHEs in MDD correlate with an overall more severe clinical condition.Nanozymes are nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics. As a new generation of artificial enzymes, nanozymes have the advantages of low cost, good stability, simple preparation, and easy storage, allowing them to overcome many of the limitations of natural enzymes in enzymatic therapy. this website Currently, most reported nanozymes exhibit oxidoreductase-like activities and can regulate redox balance in cells. Nanozymes with superoxide dismutase and catalase activity can be used to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) for cell protection, while those with peroxidase and oxidase activity can generate ROS to kill harmful cells, such as tumor cells and bacteria. In this review, we summarize recent progress in nanozyme-based medicine for enzymatic therapy and highlight the opportunities and challenges in this field for future study.Fish robots have many possible applications in exploration, industry, research, and continue to increase in design complexity, control, and the behaviors they can complete. Maneuverability is an important metric of fish robot performance, with several strategies being implemented. By far the most common control scheme for fish robot maneuvers is an offset control scheme, wherein the robot's steady swimming is controlled by sinusoidal function and turns are generated biasing bending to one side or another. An early bio-inspired turn control scheme is based on the C-start escape response observed in live fish. We developed a control scheme that is based on the kinematics of routine maneuvers in live fish that we call the 'pulse', which is a pattern of increasing and decreasing curvature that propagates down the body. This pattern of curvature is consistent across a wide range of turn types and can be described with a limited number of variables. We compared the performance of turns using each of these three control schemes across a range of durations and bending amplitudes. We found that C-start and offset turns had the highest heading changes for a given set of inputs, whereas the bio-inspired pulse turns had the highest linear accelerations for a given set of inputs. However, pulses shift the conceptualization of swimming away from it being a continuous behavior towards it being an intermittent behavior that is built by combining individual bending events. Our bio-inspired pulse control scheme has the potential to increase the behavioral flexibility of bio-inspired robotic fish and solve some of the problems associated with integrating different swimming behaviors, despite lower maximal turning performance.Layered two-dimensional (2D) materials such as MoS2have attracted much attention for nano- and opto-electronics. Recently, intercalation (e.g. of ions, atoms, or molecules) has emerged as an effective technique to modulate material properties of such layered 2D films reversibly. We probe both the electrical and thermal properties of Li-intercalated bilayer MoS2nanosheets by combining electrical measurements and Raman spectroscopy. We demonstrate reversible modulation of carrier density over more than two orders of magnitude (from 0.8 × 1012to 1.5 × 1014cm-2), and we simultaneously obtain the thermal boundary conductance between the bilayer and its supporting SiO2substrate for an intercalated system for the first time. This thermal coupling can be reversibly modulated by nearly a factor of eight, from 14 ± 4.0 MW m-2K-1before intercalation to 1.8 ± 0.9 MW m-2K-1when the MoS2is fully lithiated. These results reveal electrochemical intercalation as a reversible tool to modulate and control both electrical and thermal properties of 2D layers.